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The term "critical mass" originally came from the world of physics, where it was originally defined as the amount of fissionable material needed to maintain a fission chain reaction. It's since been adopted as a more general term,"the minimum amount required to start or maintain a venture."

"临界质量"一词来自物理学，原意为发生裂变链式反应所需的最少质量，后引申为更为宽泛的"成就或维持某项事物所需的最低数量"之意 [6] 。

These courses examine the tools and techniques of managing short-term assets and liabilities, fixed assets and capital investments, and long-term financing.

这些课程研究的工具和管理短期资产和负债，固定资产和资本投资的技术，和长期融资。

Firstly, the author establish the functions of stability on the basis of the spline function method ,according to the theory of geometrical nonlinear and the theory of stability, educe the stability equation of structure based on variational principle, then carry through the flexuosity analysis of CFST arch.The big distortion geometrical nonlinear was considered by the stability equation,the author simplified the problem of geometrical nonlinear through ignored quadratic term and reserve the simple term, at last boiled down to solve the linear stability equation of eigenvalue .

利用样条函数方法、根据几何非线性变形理论和结构稳定性理论，先建立起结构稳定的泛函，再由变分原理导出结构的稳定方程，进行钢管混凝土拱屈曲分析；本文所建立的稳定方程考虑了几何非线性的大变形效应，通过忽略几何非线性的二次项，保留一次项，将几何非线性问题简化，最后归结为求解线性稳定问题的特征值稳定方程，建立了结构非线性静力稳定性问题的新算法及失稳类型判别准则。

To convert into a long-term or floating debt with fixed interest payments.They advanced him a long-term loan .

贷方没有通过第三者放款给借方的贷款；使贷方有更大的处理权的直接借贷。

Fund managers said Qu Bo in the semi-annual report, which is due to the Fund by maintaining a high portfolio duration, credit a good part of the holdings of short-term financing, as well as some of the coupons Shibor benchmark interest rate floating rate debt in order to benefit from short-term bond interest rate stability Brought about by riding as well as credit spreads narrowed gains brought about by an allocation of income category.

基金经理说，在半区般年度报告，这是由于浮动保持持续的高投资，信贷的短期融资的很大一部分财产，以及优惠券一些Shibor的基准利率基金息债券，以受益于短期债券利率稳定带来的骑以及有关的信用利差收窄所获得的收入分配带来的类别。

Each of the four men interviewed works at a different specialty on the floor-one is a floor broker, filling orders for the account of other persons or firms; one is an arbitrageur who trades in spreads, seeking profits in the changing relationships between two different but related markets; one is a scalper, a very short-term player who helps provide liquidity on the floor and who rarely takes a position home overnight; and the fourth is a position trader who, by his own admission,"is looking for the big play, in long-term trends."

接受访问的每个人，在营业厅内都有各自不同的专业领域——其中一位是营业厅经纪人，替别人或公司填交单子；一个是套利者，交易的是差价，从两个相关市场间的价格变化中套取利润；一个是做短线的，在非常短的时间内做短线，这种人对营业厅的流动性很有帮助，所做的仓位很少留到明天；第四个是趋势交易者，他自己说，他找的是"长期趋势中赚大钱的买卖"。

The fifth and final term of the year has started, and it is wonderful to see the friends who left for two terms on the Singapore campus at the end of 2007, now that they are back to enjoy the last term in Fontainebleau.

第五学期已经开始，这也是最后一个学期。再次见到2007年底赴新加坡校区学习两个学期的朋友们，看到他们回到枫丹白露来享受最后一个学期，也是一件美妙的事情。

Is it a long-term, integral and foresighted consideration about people's demand or merely a short-term, sectional and realistic payback?

是在考量长期性、整体性、前瞻性的国民需求？还是仅为一种短期性、地方性、现实性的回馈赐予？

This fundamental element of Chinese culture helps build companies for long-term success rather than short-term gain.

这是中华文化的基本要素有助于建立长期而不是短期收益长期成功的公司。

The system could provide the real-time information on occurrence of more than 60 different kinds of diseases and pests in wheat, corn, rice, potato, sorghum and millet of China as well as diagnosing, knowledge providing and short-term controlling decision for nine kinds of important diseases and insect pests, including powdery mildew, sharp eyespot and scab of wheat, rice blast, rice false smut, potato late blight, aphids, grain gall midge of wheat and corn borer, based on crop resistance, primary level of pests and short-term weather forecast.

本系统能够对小麦、玉米、水稻、马铃薯、高粱和谷子6种主要粮食作物的60余种病虫害进行实时监测、预警、诊断、提供植保知识，能够对年度间同期病情、虫情做出图形比较，可将抽象的预警数据转化成清晰简明的点图式电子地图，直观明了地显示病虫害发生点数及地域分布，可根据品种的抗病虫性、病虫害发生基数和未来天气预报等信息对小麦白粉病、赤霉病、纹枯病、稻瘟病、稻曲病、马铃薯晚疫病、麦蚜、小麦吸浆虫和玉米螟9种重要病虫害做出短期防治决策，系统的运行有助于提高人们对主要粮食作物病虫害管理的科学水平。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。