查询词典 tensile stress

The main creating aspects are finding and clarify such a fundamental physical process that the grain boundaries emit vacancies under compressive stress to induce solute non-equilibrium grain boundary dilution and absorb vacancies under tensile stress to induce non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, formulizing the structural equations and the composition equations in force equilibrium in grain bounary region to describe this physical processes and the kinetic equations for non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation under tensile stress, calculating the modulus in grain boundary region from the expermental data of grain bounday segregation using the structure and coposition equations and calculating the diffusion coefficients of vacancy-solute atom complexes using the kinetic equation simulating the experimental results of grain boundary segregation.

本项目的主要创新点是，发现并阐明了弹性应力场作用下空位与晶界交互作用的基本物理过程：在张应力作用下，晶界会吸收空位，引起溶质非平衡晶界偏聚；压应力作用下，晶界会发射空位，引起非平衡晶界贫化。建立了描述此物理过程的晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程；？建立了张应力引起的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程？；用晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程？，首次通过实验测量计算出多晶材料晶界区的弹性模量；通过建立的动力学方程模拟实验结果，首次获得溶质原子－空位形成的复合体的扩散系数。

In this paper,a two dimension variation method is applied to compute tensile fracture surface fractal dimensions of a grain composite material LDPE/CaCO 3,and set the relationship of tensile fracture surface fractal dimensions and tensile ultimate stress and material filler weight content percent .

应用计算断口表面分形维数的二维变差法，计算了颗粒复合材料LDPE／CaCO3拉伸断口的分形维数，并且建立了断口分形维数与强度极限和填料颗粒含量之间的关系。

The main products include: 1, tensile strength, universal testing machine: microcomputer-controlled universal testing machine, economic-type universal testing machine, tensile testing machine micro-computer, electric / manual (Vertical / Horizontal / double pole / single pole) Rally Units, micro-computer plug test machine, spring tension and compression testing machine, etc.; Second, environmental testing machine series: constant temperature and humidity chamber, drying oven, large load-aging room, walk-in constant temperature and humidity test chamber , Thermal Shock Test Chamber, UV weathering tester, salt spray testing machine, aging chamber three, cartons, packaging, furniture testing machine series: microcomputer carton compression testing machine, the breakdown strength test machine, drop (single arm / arms) Test Units, Units microcomputer vibration test, vibration test Analog Motor Transport Units four, electrical equipment testing machine series: plug wire bending test machine, drum testing machine plugs, plug wire hoist swing test machine, plug-line static tensile testing machine, sudden pull test machine, power cord bending test machine, combustion testing machine, 90-degree peel strength testing machine, torsion testing machine wire, wire abrasion test machine, flexible wires and flexibility testing machine, wire print Kennedy fastness testing machine, measuring the rate of wire testing machine, fatigue test handset line stretching machine, plug test machine, torsion testing machine cold, temperature testing machine, wire thermostat ball pressure testing machine, hot wire tester, leakage from marks tester, wire short-circuit / open circuit / high pressure / low pressure / insulation / conduction / mispairing tester; Friday, computer, mobile phone tester series: Life expectancy axis testing machine, testing machine life clamshell mobile phone, key life testing machine, resistance friction test machine, fully automatic torque tester, mobile Units drop test, tape wear-resistant test machine, the mouse roller life test machine; six, rubber, plastic, tape testing machine series: wear test machine, folding / Wear-resistant test machine, winding machine, vertical / rebound test machine, the permanent distortion compression test machines, foam compression stress test machine, foam plastic repeated compression test machines, test material removed machine, plastic machine Determination of Melt Index , melting point tester, heat distortion temperature test trough, falling ball / drop down / DuPont impact test machine, to maintain constant temperature test tape machine, adhesive tape early bowls tester, hardness tester, peel strength testing machine; seven, footwear, leather , Testing Machine Series: friction test machine, add sulfur testing machine, conveyor-type Needle detector machine, friction dyeing fastness tester, testing machineDecoloration friction, standard light box, cold testing machine

主要产品包括：一、拉力强度、万能材料试验机：微机控制万能材料试验机、经济型万能材料试验机、微电脑拉力试验机、电动/手动（立式/卧式/双杆/单杆）拉力台、微电脑插拔力试验机、弹簧拉压试验机等；二、环境试验机系列：恒温恒湿试验箱、干燥箱、大型负载老化室、步入式恒温恒湿试验室、冷热冲击试验箱、UV耐候试验机、盐水喷雾试验机、老化试验箱三、纸箱、包装、家私试验机系列：微电脑纸箱抗压试验机、破裂强度试验机、跌落试验台、微电脑振动试验台、模拟汽车运输振动试验台四、电工器材试验机系列：插头引线弯折试验机、插头滚筒试验机、插头线吊重摆动试验机、插头线静态拉力试验机、突拉试验机、电源线折曲试验机、燃烧试验机、90度剥离强度试验机、电线扭转试验机、电线耐磨损试验机、可挠电线柔软度试验机、电线印刷体坚牢度试验机、线材测长率试验机、听筒线伸缩疲劳试验机、插拔力试验机、低温冷挠试验机、温升试验机、电线恒温球压试验机、灼热丝试验机、漏电起痕试验机、线材的短路/断路/高压/低压/绝缘/导通/误配测试仪；五、计算机、手机试验机系列：转轴寿命试验机、手机翻盖寿命试验机、按键寿命试验机、耐磨擦试验机、全自动扭力试验机、手机跌落试验台、纸带耐磨试验机、鼠标滚轴寿命试验机；六、橡胶、塑料、胶带试验机系列：磨耗试验机、耐折/耐磨试验机、曲折试验机、垂直/反跳弹性试验机、永久压缩歪度试验机、泡棉压缩应力试验机、发泡塑料反复压缩试验机、试料磨平机、塑料熔融指数测定机、融点测试机、热变形温度试验槽、落球/落垂/杜邦冲击试验机、恒温胶带保持力试验机、胶带初粘性滚球试验机、硬度计，剥离强度试验机；七、制鞋、皮革、试验机系列：磨擦试验机、加硫试验机、输送式检针机、磨擦染色坚牢度试验机、双锤磨擦脱色试验机、标准光源箱、耐寒试验机

Conclusion］1? It showes a higher stress dodge in the calcar femorale after using various kinds of prosthesis implantation? After using CFR/PSF of lower elastic modulus as handle, the stress dodge rate is lower in femur, but the interface stress is higher, and this is the main factor and reason for the prosthesis loosening? 2? The stress force rule meets the design principle that the stress force decreases gradually in the bone interface from proximal to distal? The stress value in different combination of same prosthesis handle has no significant difference, that showes mechanical factor is not the main standard for selecting prosthesis combination?

［结论］ 1、各种假体植入后均在股骨距处形成较高的应力遮挡，而用弹性模量较低的CFR/PSF作为柄，其股骨相应区域的应力遮挡率较低，但股骨相应界面应力较大，而界面应力过大是产生假体微动主要因素。2、股骨界面从近端至远端呈逐渐增高趋势的应力规律符合该假体的设计原理；相同假体柄的不同组合其股骨和髋臼相应界面应力值无明显差别，实验表明力学因素并不是选择假体组合的主要标准。

The fatigue is analyzed for the SENT specimen of TA6V titanium alloy at different stress ratio and on different stress level by the general finite element analysis software ANSYS. The dangerous fatigue location is predicted by the nodal stress Y-direction of the hemicycle notch for TA6V titanium alloy SENT specimen. Based on the local stress-strain method and the material S-N graph, the nominal stress-strain of the specimen is converted to the local stress-strain of the dangerous location by the elastic and plastic finite element analysis, thus the fatigue life is estimated by Miner fatigue damage accumulation theory and compared with the fatigue test of small crack growth.

借助大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对TA6V钛合金SENT试样在不同应力比和不同应力水平下进行疲劳分析，根据SENT试样缺口处的应力状态分布预测疲劳危险部位，采用局部应力应变法，结合材料循环的S-N曲线，通过弹塑性有限元法将构件上的名义应力谱转换成危险部位的局部应力应变谱，从而根据危险部位的局部应力应变历程采用Miner累积损伤理论对构件的疲劳寿命进行估算，并与疲劳小裂纹试验数据进行比较分析。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

First of all,we tested the germination and water uptake rate of 47 species typical xerophil seeds grow up in north China from 20 families,38 genuses under sufficient water and different Grads water stress by high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol(PEG6000).The results show that Xerophil seeds from the same habitat exhibited similar patterns in response to water stress.Xerophil seeds from arid community were stronger in germination and imbibition than that from other two communities under serious water stress,whereas Xerophil seeds from humid community were sensitive to any degree of water stress.Namely,the seeds live in arid habitat possessed high germination and quickly water uptake in sufficient water or any degree of water stress,but the others grow up in humid habitat shown significant difference which germination and water uptake well under sufficient water but inhibited even if slight water stress.

首先，我们通过对20个科，38属，47种旱生植物种子在水分充足和不同梯度的干旱处理(聚乙二醇PEG6000)条件下的萌发率及吸水率实验发现，当水分胁迫强烈时，分布于干旱沙漠地区的植物种子其吸水率和萌发率都高于半干旱和湿润地区的植物群落，相反，湿润地区植物种子的吸水率和萌发率对任何的水分胁迫都表现出敏感的响应趋势，也就是说，生境恶劣的植物种子在较强的干旱胁迫下，仍然保持了较高较快的萌发率及吸水率，水分充足与水分缺乏时无显著差异，而生境相对较好的植物种子在水分充足情况下萌发与吸水良好，但在干旱胁迫时则受到明显抑制，水分充足与水分缺乏时差异显著。

The results show that the influences of duration and amplitude of stress wave on spallation process of rock under stress wave loading are important; and stress wave with different waveforms is characteristic of different stress values and different stress loading ratios during the same period of time, which brings about the comprehensive effect when difform stress wave is loaded to medium.

通过对不同应力波延续时间、不同应力波峰值和不同应力波波形下应力波诱发层裂过程的数值分析，对应力波反射诱发层裂的规律和机制进行探讨。

Incurrent research, aiming at the rupture problem engendered in the shooting process of acertain 5.56mm automatic rifle, the strain and stress distributions on the cartridge caseunder the action of axial pull have been analyzed. Based on the theories of elastic-plasticmechanics and contact mechanics, a mathematic and physical model of the cartridge-caseand chamber system has been set up; and based on the platform of the general softwarepackage APDL of ANSYS for finite element analysis, a parameterized model of thecartridge-case and chamber system has also been established. The method for nonlinearFEA has been adopted to analyze the stress distribution on the entire cartridge-case andchamber system, and the method of contact element has been employed to investigate thecontact stress between the cartridge case and chamber, and then the influences of frictioncoefficient and locking space on the static and dynamic stress and strain response of thecartridge case and chamber to the action of power gas have also been discussed. On thebasis of a lot of numerical tests, a kind of element Plane13, which is concentrated incoupled computation of heat and construction, has been used finally to simulate thetransient response of the cartridge-case and chamber system to the power gas. Throughloading the temporary thermal characteristics of explosive gas in the procedure of emulate, the corresponding transient thermal stress distributed on the entire system under thecombined load of transient thermal stress and transient pressure has been obtained. Owingto these comprehensive considerations, the numerical results obtained in this paperrepresent the actual situations comparatively exactly.

本文针对某5.56mm自动步枪在工作中出现断壳的问题，分析了弹壳在轴向拉力作用下的应力应变；基于弹塑性力学及接触理论，建立了弹壳弹膛系统的数学、物理学模型，在通用有限元ANSYS软件的参数化建模工具APDL平台上，建立了弹壳弹膛系统的参数化模型；采用非线性有限元法计算了弹壳弹膛系统的整体应力，引入接触单元法分析弹壳和弹膛的接触压力，探讨了在不同的摩擦系数和不同的闭锁间隙对弹壳弹膛静、动态响应的影响；本文进行了大量的尝试，最后确定采用热、结构耦合单元Plane13，在计算中加载了火药气体的温度历程，成功的获得了弹壳弹膛系统在瞬态的热载荷和瞬态的压力载荷同时作用下弹壳弹膛系统的热应力数值解，考虑因素全面，比较真实的反映了弹壳弹膛系统在火药气体压力和热载荷下作用的情况。

As showed in Fig.1, the diagrammed stress of short time endurance test forAs showed in Fig.1, the diagrammed stress of short time endurance test for500 hours at 565℃on welded-joint of T91-F12 is 240MPa. Considering the℃on welded-joint of T91-F12 is 240MPa. Considering thedispersity of±20％, stress of check test for 500 hours is 192MPa. The result±20％, stress of check test for 500 hours is 192MPa. The resultof short time endurance test for 500 hours at 565of short time endurance test for 500 hours at 565℃on T91-X20CrMoV121℃on T91-X20CrMoV121welded-joints is showed in Tab.5. The result shows that the short timewelded-joints is showed in Tab.5. The result shows that the short timeendurance stress of weldedendurance stress of welded-joints with two procedures at 565℃for 500 hours-joints with two procedures at 565℃for 500 hoursboth above 192MPa, and meet the requirement.both above 192MPa, and meet the requirement.

依据图1，对T91－F12 焊接接头 565℃温度下的短时持久性能 500 小时考核试验依据图1，对T91－F12 焊接接头 565℃温度下的短时持久性能 500 小时考核试验的图示应力值应为 240MPa，按照持久强度试验数据的±20％的分散度，取 500的图示应力值应为 240MPa，按照持久强度试验数据的±20％的分散度，取 500小时考核试验应力值为 192MPa.T91－X20CrMoV121 焊接接头 565℃、500 小时小时考核试验应力值为 192MPa.T91－X20CrMoV121 焊接接头 565℃、500 小时短时持久考核试验试验结果见表5 ，试验结果表明，两种工艺条件下的焊接接头短时持久考核试验试验结果见表5 ，试验结果表明，两种工艺条件下的焊接接头565℃温度下的短时持久性能，500 小时的持久断裂应力均高于 192MPa，结果符565℃温度下的短时持久性能，500 小时的持久断裂应力均高于 192MPa，结果符合要求。

Through comparing with the results by simulation to study the effects of theprojectile"s final velocity, the angle of rotation and the ballistic trajectory"s migration withdifferent projectile"s rotating speeds, different target"s moving speeds and differentpenetration angles.

通过比较数值模拟的结果来研究不同弹头转速、目标速度、侵彻角对侵彻过程中弹头最终速度、翻转角度和弹道偏移的影响。

I love stationery and all the accoutrement of writing.

我爱文具以及所有的书写的工具装备。