查询词典 tensile stress

Stress relaxation of delignified and hemicellulose-removed wood was determined during periodic temperature change, and found that after 4-hour relaxation at 25℃ the stress curves hardly level off, at this time when increase temperature the stress immediately sharply fall and whereafter the decrease of temperature make stress rapidly recover again.

通过木材在温度周期变化过程中的应力松弛研究，发现，未处理木材和化学处理木材在25℃松弛4小时后，应力几乎水平下来，升温后，应力立即急剧下降，温度下降时，应力又急剧回复。

This paper deals with and summarizes the research and importance of ductile shear zones and presents the future direction and aim for the research of the ductile shear zones around the world. Four aspects of studies of the ductile shear zones have been proposed in this paper as follows:(1) The stress environment including the mineral assemblages, deformation, stress-shearing parameters;(2) The major element sequence and activation under condition of stress;(3) The variations of trace elements and REE, their transportation distributions under strong natural deformation as well as variations of mineral crystal parameters, which can also control the element changes during the ductile deformation;(4) The relationship between element migrations, activation and stress, which will present the new evidences for the studies of dynamic diagenesis and mineralization as well as the studies of evolution of ductile shear zones developed in middle and low levels.(5) The analysis of elements and isotopes in mylonites on the micro-scale are crucial for the understanding of component migrations during the mylonization.

对韧性剪切带及其变形岩石的研究现状和研究意义进行系统的综述，提出了未来韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩的研究方向和目标：①系统研究糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物组合及其变形特征，计算剪切变形岩石的应力－应变参数，搞清韧性剪切带所处的应力应变环境；②系统研究韧性剪切带岩石在天然分强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序问题；③系统研究剪切变形作用过程中岩石化学组成的微量和稀土元素变化，讨论强变形条件下岩石中微量元素活化和迁移规律，深入探讨微量元素迁移的动力控制，包括稀土元素配分变化的应力制约以及应变矿物晶格化学变化行为及其对其寄主的变形岩石元素在应变过程中迁移变化的制约和影响；④从理论上探讨天然强剪切应变条件下岩石中组分活化、转移与应力的因果联系，为深入探讨韧性剪切带动力成岩作用提供理论的科学依据，为探讨中、下地壳中韧性剪切带的形成和演化提供科学依据，同时为韧性剪切变形作用条件下成岩、成矿地球化学作用提供理论和实验依据；⑤现代分析技术如激光同位素原位分析以及激光ICP-MASS分析技术对研究变形域内的岩石的元素和同位素的活化迁移规律，对深刻揭示糜棱岩化过程中的元素活化迁移机制提供更高质量的地球化学证据具有重要的作用。

Methods The investigation object were staff nurses (n=915). By using a questionnaire method, the demographic information, job stress, and the relationship between stress and stress resource, stress coping, social support was analyzed.

方法采用问卷调查法，对915名临床护士的人口学特征、工作压力程度以及压力与压力源、压力应对、社会支持状况之间的关系进行分析。

The results indicate that the spalling behavior of oxide scale is the result of the inner and outer stress together,during rolling,the oxide scale cracks under the growth stress and thermal stress,at the same time the oxide scale also mainly undergoes alternative shearing stress in the rolling zone,the oxide scale spalls,then the reason of stripspalling is also analyzed.

结果表明：氧化膜剥落过程是内外应力联合作用的结果，轧制过程中氧化膜在长大应力和热应力作用下开裂，在轧制区内氧化膜还因受沿轧辊圆周方向的交变剪切应力作用而剥落。

Crack reasons for this are: the heating temperature is too high as a result of quenching or cooling in a hurry, the quality of thermal stress and metal volume changes in the organization of the anti-stress than the breaking strength of steel; the work of the original surface defects (such as surface micro-cracks or scratches) or the internal defect of steel (such as slag, serious non-metallic inclusions, white point, the residual cavity, etc.) formed in the quenching stress concentration; serious Decarburization and carbide surface segregation; parts after quenching Back lack of timely or tempering fire; processes in front of the stress caused by excessive cold red, forging folding, turning deep marks, sharp edges and corners, such as the oil groove.

造成这种裂纹的原因有：由于淬火加热温度过高或冷却太急，热应力和金属质量体积变化时的组织应力大于钢材的抗断裂强度；工作表面的原有缺陷或是钢材内部缺陷（如夹渣、严重的非金属夹杂物、白点、缩孔残余等）在淬火时形成应力集中；严重的表面脱碳和碳化物偏析；零件淬火后回火不足或未及时回火；前面工序造成的冷冲应力过大、锻造折叠、深的车削刀痕、油沟尖锐棱角等。

On the side of exterior deformation monitoring, this dissertation proposes and proves the utility monitoring scheme by using general ground monitoring technology and the method of simplification differentiation polar coordinate survey for large span space structure deformation monitoring. On the side of stress measurement, this dissertation proposes an new method of stress measurement suit for mass concrete triangular frame and discusses shrinkage and creep of concrete how to influence stress measurement, and sets up finally a process how to calculate concrete stress through data for piano wire sensors. Finally, on the side of cable forces measurement, this dissertation discusses principle and measurement technology of frequency method.

在外部变形测量方面，本文提出并验证了一套利用常规地面监测技术监测大跨度空间结构几何变形的实用方案及一种简化的差分极坐标测量方法；在应力测量方面，本文提出了一种适用于大型混凝土三角刚架应力监测的新方法，研究了混凝土的收缩徐变对应力测量的影响，并在此基础上建立了一套由振弦式传感器的测试数据推算混凝土结构应力的流程；在索力测量方面，本文探讨了频率法测量索力的原理及实用测量技术。

Several objective spins of solid cylinder torsion deformation were rendered and the large deformation elastoviscoplastic constitutive relationship s were derived for the Oldroyd stress rate,the generalizing Jaumann stress rate and the stress rate with respect to the spin of the frame of deformation rate with the aid of stress-strain curve from torsion test.

应用等向强化的J2流动塑性理论，建立了以扭转试验的应力—应变曲线为基准的，分别由Oldroyd、广义Jaumann应力导数和相对于变形率标架旋率的应力导数表述的大变形弹塑性本构关系。

The flow stress was repeated by calculated using the "single factor" flow stress formula, the metal machining process was simulated interatively with new flow stress. When simulating value was in good consistent with experimental result, the "three-high" data and flow stress data were obtained.

由&单因素&流动应力公式反复计算与模拟应变率对应的流动应力，基于新的流动应力有限元模拟迭代的进行并追求模拟值与实验结果的一致，获取能反映切削材料力学性能的&三高&数据和流动应力数据。

The stress distribution of the semi-circular breakwaters with holes by different quantitative ice value to water level, especially the stress distribution of holes is analyzed. The effect of the stress distribution to the holes and the wall thickness are discussed. At last, the result is compared to the stress distribution by wave

应用ANSYS程序计算了不同水位不同量级冰力作用下开孔半圆型防波堤的应力分布，尤其分析了孔洞周围的应力分布；并且讨论了开孔和壁厚对于应力分布的影响；最后将分析结果与波浪力作用下的应力分布进行了比较。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。