查询词典 tensile strain

Firstly, we collected and sorted out the GPS data, established the uniform velocity field for the Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, and the horizontal deformation field relative to the Eurasia plate; Secondly, we established a motion model for the entire rotation and homogeneous strain of the first and second level blocks in Chinese mainland, analyzed the motion pattern and strain behavior of active blocks in Chinese mainland, as well as the motion pattern of principal fault zones in Chinese mainland; Thirdly, considering the heterogeneity of strain distribution inside a block and supposing that the strain tensor inside the block is the linear function of location, we derived and established an equation for the entire rotation and linear strain of block and a motion model for the entire rotation and linear strain of principal blocks in Chinese mainland; We also calculated the principal strain field and the maximum shear strain field in Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, analyzed the basic characteristics of strain field in Chinese mainland, as well as the relationship between the spatial distribution of strain field and large tectonic zones; Finally, we established the 2-D geotectonic model and digital model for Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, calculated the stress field in Chinese mainland and the surrounding regions, and analyzed the basic features of stress field in Chinese mainland and the principal driving force for the motion and deformation in Chinese mainland.

收集整理了已有GPS资料，建立了中国大陆及周边地区统一的速度场以及相对欧亚板块的水平形变场；建立了中国大陆一、二级地块整体旋转与均匀应变的运动模型；分析了中国大陆活动地块的运动状态，应变状态，以及中国大陆主要断裂带的运动状态；考虑到一个块体内部应变张量空间分布的非均匀性，假设块体内部的应变张量是位置的线性函数，推导建立了块体整体旋转与线性应变方程，建立了中国大陆主要地块整体旋转与线性应变的运动模型；计算了中国大陆及周边地区的主应变场与最大剪应变场，分析了中国大陆应变场的基本特征，以及应变场的空间分布与大型构造带的关系；建立了中国大陆及周边地区二维的地质构造模型和数值模型，计算了中国大陆及周边地区的应力场，分析了中国大陆应力场的基本特征以及中国大陆运动、形变的主要驱动力。

Based on the qualitative interpretation,the effect of transition segment of a stress-strain curve has been emphasized;phenomenon relating to strain rate effect have been adequately discussed,such as the stress-strain curve of a given strain rate, the increase of strain rate sensitivity of a metal with temperature,the decomposition of strain rate effect and strain hardening and multi-step loading tests.The analyses agree with the existing experimental results and update the knowledge on strain rate effect.

对材料应变率敏感性随温度变化的现象进行了分析，所得结论与现有试验结果相符；对晶体材料在恒应变率加载下的应力应变曲线进行了分析，明确提出了应力应变曲线中受应变率直接影响部分—过渡段的概念；结合位错运动分析，对恒应变率加载下晶体材料的应力应变曲线进行了解释，深化了对应变率效应的认识；提出了应变率效应与应变硬化效应可分别研究的观点，完善了对应变率效应细观机理的认识。

Rice moisture content can be controlled by use of different consistency salt and acidliquor,the method of preparing different moisture contents rice sample also be studied and adopted.Such as, temperature humidity preservation box used in testing mechanical physical properties ofrice kernel, tensile and bending experiment device which can be used on rice samples. Configureddark box, CCD photography, image-taking system, pre-experiment to forcast mechanical physicalproperty and moisture transfer property, from which we can know that distance of elastic modulusand passion ratio in tensile process test is not big when renitency strength is much larger thanresist-pull strength, tensile test can be replaced by bending test to research tensile property ofrice, because tensile test is hard to do, experiment research methods and feasibility werediscussed, and suitable humid stress field experiment research plan ere made.

研究、采用了合适的盐溶液及不同浓度的酸溶液调节稻米含水率、制取不同含水率稻米试样的方法；研制了测量稻米材料机械物理特性时使用的保温保湿箱、适用于稻米试件使用的拉伸和弯曲试验装置；配置了暗箱、CCD摄像机、竖直与水平摄像装置及计算机图像采集系统等；进行稻米机械物理特性和水分传递特性的各种预备试验，得到：稻米的抗拉强度远小于抗压强度而拉压时的弹性模量、泊松比相差不大，稻米籽粒的拉伸试验难度极大，成功率很低，可以用籽粒的弯曲试验代替拉伸试验研究籽粒材料的拉伸特性；探讨试验研究方法及其可行性，制定了合理的稻米湿应力场试验研究方案。

Vesic's solutions to cavity expansion that include cylindrical cavity expansion and spherical cavity expansion are introduced. Then cylindrical cavity expansion theory is applied to study compaction effect of pile driving in saturated soil. Based on the results of conventional triaxial tests, a trilinear curve model is used to simulate stress-strain curve of strain-softening materials. Meanwhile, trilinear curves are also used to simulate curves of volumetric strain, minor principal strain and major principal strain. By using elasto-plastic theory, analytical solutions to cylindrical cavity expansion in strain-softening soil are presented. According to the mechanism of statically pressed pile driving, compaction effect of pile tip can be viewed as hemispheric cavity expansion. Therefore spherical cavity expansion theory is applied to obtain the solutions to stress, strain, displacement fields and final pressure. Resistance force of pile tip is calculated to estimate static pressure.

介绍了Vesic关于圆孔扩张问题的解答，其中包括柱形孔扩张问题和球形孔扩张问题，并应用柱形孔扩张理论分析了饱和软土中的沉桩挤土效应问题；在常规三轴试验成果的基础上，采用三折线模型模拟具有应变软化性质的岩土材料的应力应变关系曲线，分析了在应变软化土体中沉桩时桩周土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，得到了解析解答；分析了静压桩的沉桩机理，并利用球形孔扩张理论，视桩端处的挤土为半个球形孔的扩张，分析了桩端处土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，并根据最终扩张压力计算出沉桩时的桩端阻力，可作为压桩力的估算。

Results showed that strain SY21 was Acinetobacter sp., strain SY22 Neisseria sp., strain SY23 Plesiomonas sp., strain SY24 Xanthomonas sp., strain SY42 Azotobacter sp., strain SY43 Flavobacterium sp., and strain SY44 Pseudomonas.sp.. Removal efficiency of the bacteria to TPH reached about 80% after 8 days' inoculation, which is higher than that of bacteria reported.

菌株鉴定结果表明，SY21为不动细菌属，SY22为奈瑟氏球菌属，SY23为邻单胞菌属、SY24为黄单胞菌属、SY42为动胶菌属、SY43为黄杆菌属、SY44为假单胞菌属。7株菌的降油试验结果表明，降解8d后，加菌试样的石油烃降解率均达到80%左右，7株菌的石油烃降解速率高于目前已有的报道。

Results: In cellular soluble protein electrophoresis,specific band about 75 KDa was observed in 593 strain.The differences of protein expression at 85,60,50,40KDa between 593 strain and 18 strain were observed.In extracellular soluble protein electrophoresis,specific bands at 75 KDa and 40 KDa were observed in 593 strain;specific band at 50 KDa was observed in 18 strain.The difference of protein expression amount in about 60KDa between 593 strain and 18 strain was observed.

结果：菌体可溶性蛋白电泳图中见593号菌株在75 KDa左右存在特异表达的蛋白条带，且二者在85、60、50、40 KDa左右蛋白表达量上存在差异；菌外可溶性蛋白电泳图中见593号菌株在75、40 KDa左右有特异表达的蛋白条带，而18号菌株在50 KDa左右有特异表达的蛋白条带，二者在60 KDa左右蛋白表达量上存在差异。

The applicability of this constitutive model is evaluated with the simulations of material tests conducted by Sasaki et al., includes (1)Uniaxially constant strain amplitude cyclic test,(2)Fast in tension/Slow in compression constant strain amplitude cyclic test,(3)Slow-fast-slow constant strain amplitude cyclic test,(4)Cyclic strain with tensile hold time test. Simulations based on this constitutive model have a good agreement with (1),(2) and (3), proofs that it can describe the cyclic stress-strain behavior of 60Sn/40Pb solder very well.

为验证本模式之能力，本文选择Sasaki等人之实验为对象，分别对60Sn/40Pb焊锡在(1)定应变振幅之循环单轴负荷实验、(2)拉伸快/压缩慢之定应变振幅循环负荷实验、(3)慢-快-慢之定应变振幅循环负荷实验、(4)拉伸应力保持之循环应变实验下的材料行为进行模拟，由(1)、(2)及(3)之结果证明本模式对60Sn/40Pb焊锡循环应力-应变整体行为具有理想的描述能力，并对循环塑性应变范围与应力范围之值有准确的预估。

Test results show that, with the addition of polyvinyl acetate, the compressive strength and compressive modulus of mortar decrease distinctly, but the ultimate strain increases significantly. The uniaxial tensile strength and bending strength increase a little, but the tensile peak-strain and the ratio of tensile-compressive and bending-compressive increase remarkably.

试验结果表明，随着聚醋酸乙烯的掺入，砂浆的轴压强度和弹性模量显著下降，但极限应变却明显增大；砂浆的轴拉强度和抗弯强度均略有提高，而极限应变、拉压强度比和弯压强度比则显著增加。

Along with the fluconazole solution density rise,the experimental two kind of strain various glucose density is higher,showe d the glucose consumption are less,takes the logarithmof the medicine de nsity,discovered the logarithm the medicine density and each glucose den sity presents the linear relations;Carries on the analysis comparison to under the fluconazole function two kind of strain linear relations,disc overed the relations of the two strains has the nonuniformity.3 Compare the fluconazole induction reaiatance SC5314 strain and sens itive strain compares,its difference gene expression mainly concentrates in:The code proteinase body and the protein hydroltyic enzyme gene,in the code sugar fat metabolism process is connected the protein gene,the cell cycle correlation gene,the duplication and the translation adjustme nt correlation gene,the stress response correlation gene,the line plast ochondria correlation gene,the cell wall function related gene.4 Candida albicans SC5314 induction resiatance strain was processed b y Xianglian solution,its expression change gene mainly is:Code stress re sponse family protein gene,biomembrane relevant gene,a code proteinase body gene race,code cell cycle related protein gene,duplication and tra nslation adjustment related protein gene.5 The clinical reaiatance strain Candida albicans was processed by Xi anglian solution,its expression change gene mainly is:Codes the hot sho ck protein gene,the serine/threonine protein activating enzyme gene,the proteinase body family gene,the regulation copies and translates the ge ne.

随着氟康唑药液的浓度上升，试验的两种菌株各孔葡萄糖浓度越高，说明葡萄糖消耗越少，经过药物浓度取对数后进行分析，发现取对数后的药物浓度和每孔中葡萄糖浓度者呈现线性关系；对氟康唑作用下的两种菌株的线性关系进行分析比较，发现对两种菌株作用具有不一致性。3氟康唑诱导的耐药SC5314菌株与诱导前的敏感株相比，其差异基因表达主要集中在：编码蛋白酶体及蛋白水解酶的基因，编码糖脂代谢过程中相关蛋白的基因，细胞周期相关基因，转录及翻译调节相关基因，应激反应相关基因，线粒体相关基因，细胞壁功能相关基因。4白念珠菌SC5314诱导耐药株经香莲外洗液作用后，其表达变化的基因主要是：编码应激反应家族蛋白的基因，生物膜相关性基因，编码蛋白酶体基因一族，编码细胞周期相关蛋白基因，转录及翻译调节的相关蛋白基因。5白念珠菌临床耐药菌株经香莲外洗液作用后，其表达变化的基因主要是：编码热休克蛋白基因，丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因，蛋白酶体家族基因，调控转录及翻译基因。

Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。