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The crystallization temperature and pressure of clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the ankaramite and basalt were estimated on the basis of the clinopyroxene-melt equilibrium principle: 1345～1366℃ and 1.75～2.05Gpa for ankaramite, with average geothermal gradient of 20-24℃/km, suggesting anomalous heat or geothermal gradient in this region may be one of the key reasons to produce the porphyry copper deposits in the region. In contrast, those in the basalts fomed under a relatively low crystallization temperature (1129～1191℃), and the pressure (1.19～1.60Gpa) and depth (39～53km), suggesting that the basalt formed under a condition of lower temperature and pressure.

根据单斜辉石-熔体平衡原理计算了富辉橄玄岩和玄武岩中斑晶相辉石形成的温度和压力，前者变化范围主要集中在1345～1366℃和1.75～2.05GPa，其深度相当于58－67km，平均的地温梯度大约20～24℃/km，说明该区具有异常的热或地温梯度，这可能是导致本区斑岩铜矿形成的主要原因之一；后者的温度和压力都相对较低，分别为1129～1191℃和1.19～1.60Gpa，而相应的深度为39～53km，暗示着玄武岩是在相对低温低压的环境中形成的演化岩浆。

Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly;(2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C;(3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best;(4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication;(5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.

通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。

Grew on the normal temperature, it was shown that the deposits of calcium antimonate being the indicator for Ca(superscript 2+) localization mainly concentrated within the vacuoles and intercellular spaces and there was also some Ca(superscript 2+) deposits in cell walls. But when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 48 h, the level of Ca(superscript 2+) increased in cytoplasm and plasma membrane, but decreased in vacuoles and intercellular spaces considerably. At the same time, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts suffered from chilling: the membrane of chloroplasts had been damaged, the layer of thylakoids was exiguous and unclear, the photosynthetic rate decreased evidently. And when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 120 h, the deposits of Ca(superscript 2+) mainly concentrated within the cytoplasm, nucleus and plasma membrane and there was also some Ca(superscript 2+) deposits in vacuoles, and the ultrastructure of some cells was simultaneously damaged severely: Chloroplasts structure, vacuole membrane and nuclear membrane had been damaged fully, the structure within the cell had become unclear, and the cell only have respiration.

研究结果表明，未经低温处理的董棕幼苗叶肉细胞，焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒大量出现在液泡和细胞间隙中，细胞壁中也可见少量沉淀，而细胞基质中则看不到焦锑酸钙沉淀；经2℃ 48 h低温处理后，细胞基质和细胞膜上焦锑酸钙沉淀增加，而液泡和细胞间隙中的焦锑酸钙沉淀则显著减少，并且超微结构已初步显示出寒害的特徵，叶绿体外膜部分破损，类囊体片层稀疏且排列不规则，光合速率明显下降等；经2℃ 120 h低温处理后，细胞间隙内的焦锑酸钙沉淀极少，有的也紧贴在细胞外壁上，而细胞基质和细胞膜上则分布有非常多的焦锑酸钙沉淀，在核基质和液泡中也可见到少量的焦锑酸钙沉淀，并且超微结构遭到了显著破坏，叶绿体结构完全被破坏，核膜与液泡膜严重破损，内部结构模糊，细胞只表现为呼吸作用，不进行光合作用。

The frictional heat energy was concentrated on the thermal effect layer with the thickness of 4 mm, The temperature gradient of contact surface is the highest, and decreased rapidly with the radius direction of the lining's groove. The temperature gradient and TEL's thickness increased with the increasing of the sliding speed. The temperature decreased rapidly with the radius direction and also with the increasing of center angle of the lining's groove. The sliding speed and distance are obtained under two sliding conditions when the lining fails, which supply the theoretical basis with the antislip design of friction hoist.

摩擦热量集中在热影响表面层，其厚度仅为4mm，接触表面温度梯度最大，沿绳槽径向迅速减小；温度梯度和热影响表面层厚度随相对滑速的增大而增大；衬垫温度沿径向急剧降低且随圆心角增大而减小；并得到了2种滑动工况下衬垫失效时的相对滑速和滑动距离，为摩擦提升防滑设计提供理论依据。

The temperature of cold injury was abo ut 0 ℃ to 15℃,While hot injury would appear when temperature got to 36℃.These ind icat ors were varied in different species,and the greatest difference was the temper ature of cold injury.Growth would be poor in summer under full illumination,whi le part shading was beneficial.The best condition was 70 percentage of sh ading for Araceae and 50 percentage of shading for Agavaceae.The need for soil moistu re was strict.Most of species would grow normally in 65 to 85 percentage of soil m o isture.The characters responsed to illumination,temperature and soil moisture w e re consistent with their original ecologic environment.

其最 适生长温度在16-35℃，除酒瓶兰外，低于10℃时均表现生长停滞状态；寒害温度差异很大，天南星科为0-15℃，龙舌兰科为0-10℃，大多数植物在36℃会产生热害；光照对其影响较大，夏季这两科植物在全光照下长势差而在一定荫蔽的条件下有利生长，最佳荫蔽度天南星科为75％，龙舌兰科为50％；这两科植物对土壤中的水分含量要求较高，大多在土壤含水量70％以上才能正常生长，这些光、温、湿的反应特性与其起源地湿热和荫蔽的生态环境相吻合。

Methods The patients with ventilator were divided into four groups according to the type of the heated humidifier (MR410,MR730)and ambient temperature(26 ℃～28 ℃,18 ℃～20 ℃),then the temperature of the inlet chamber,the temperature and humidity of the outlet chamber and the aspiratory chamber and the airway secretions characteristics of each group were compared.

方法根据湿化器类型(MR410、MR730)、环境温度的高低(26℃～28℃、18℃～20℃)将应用呼吸机治疗的患者分为四组，比较各组间湿化器输入端温度、输出端温度和湿度、吸入端温度和湿度，并比较各组患者气道分泌物的性状。

The experimental results show that the mean particle size of griseofulvin precipitated by RESS is smaller than 1, 0μm, narrow distribution and 95％ fine particles is smaller than 1. 0μm. Increase of the pre-expansion pressure, the extraction temperature, the expansion chamber temperature, the spraying distance, the concentration of cosolvent and decrease of the nozzle diameter resulted in decrease of the particle size under the operating condition studied. Enhancement of the pre-expansion temperature resulted in increase of the particles size. The SEM of GF shows that the shape of original is atactic and a wide size distribution, but the microparticles obtained by RESS is reverse. Similar melting points and XRD patterns were observed for the original material and the precipitates obtained by RESS.

实验结果表明，用含夹带剂的RESS法制备的灰黄霉素微粒的平均直径在1μm左右，且分布均匀，95％微粒在1μm以下，仅用CO〓作为超临界流体制备的微粒与上述方法制备的微粒的平均直径和分布相似，只是产量太低，而用机械法制备的微粒平均直径在3μm左右且分布较宽；不同的过程参数对沉析微粒尺寸有不同的影响，预膨胀压力、膨胀室温度、溶解温度以及夹带剂浓度的提高或增大，均可使沉析微粒的直径变小；预膨胀温度提高，所得微粒的直径变大；喷射距离的增加，沉析微粒的直径变小；喷嘴直径越小，由此制得的微粒的直径就越小；根据实验结果还可知道，通过理论计算的马赫盘处微粒的直径可以较好地估计出膨胀室中收集到的微粒的直径。

In this thesis, by the means of calefactive oxidation test of coal samples, the characteristics of different samples spontaneous combustion are analyzed; the infrared spectrum is assimilated to review the rule that coal function corps change in the process of coal low-temperature oxidation ; by the means of thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimeter, the kinetic function of coal low-temperature oxidation in spontaneous combustion process are analyzed , depend on the device, the mathematical model of coal spontaneous combustion is developed, the model are dealt with, Finally, the temperature field and the velocity field with velocity of the entry flow is got.

论文通过煤的低温氧化和自燃过程，实验研究了煤的低温氧化气体产物特征和变化规律，研究得出了煤的低温氧化过程中气体生成量与氧气消耗量与煤温之间的指数关系式；在煤的低温自热氧化过程中，对煤的官能团等化学结构的变化研究，揭示了煤炭低温自热氧化化学基团变化规律；采用非等温TG和DSC法研究了烟煤低温氧化动力学，得出了煤低温氧化分布活化能及煤低温氧化机理函数的变化规律；建立了煤低温氧化自热数学模型，并对该模型进行数值解算，可得煤样的温度场与速度场随入口风量变化情况。

Researches that Calophyllum inophyllum L grows best under the following conditions:the monthly average temperature above 25℃, monthly minimum temperature below 18 ℃, monthly precipitation over 160 mm.. suface temperature below 33 ℃, amount of evaporation below 200mm.

研究发现最适宜红厚壳生长的条件是：月平均气温25℃以上，最低气温18℃以上，降水量160mm以上，地表温度低于33℃，蒸发量在200mm以下。

Researches that Calophyllum inophyllum L grows best under the following conditions: the monthly average temperature above 25℃, monthly minimum temperature below 18℃, monthly precipitation over 160mm.. suface temperature below 33℃, amount of evaporation below 200mm.

研究发现最适宜红厚壳生长的条件是：月平均气温25℃以上，最低气温18℃以上，蒸发量在200mm以下，地表温度低于33℃，降水量160mm以上。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。