查询词典 temperature gradient

Several methods of deriving horizontal wind fields from satellite temperature data are analyzed and compared in this paper, including the calculation methods of geostrophic wind, gradient wind and balance wind.

本文分析和比较了利用卫星温度资料计算水平风场的方法，包括地转风、梯度风和平衡风的计算方法。

A new method for calculating equivalent overall reaction rate was bring forward,in which the gradient differential coefficient of local Damkohler number instead of temperature,on the surface of the hot rod was adopted as an ignition criterion in the paper.

据此提出了一种新的计算等效总体反应率的方法，同时采用热棒表面处的当地Damkohler数的梯度替代传统的温度梯度作为着火判据。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

Firstly, utilize the historical weather map, adopt the gradient wind formula to calculate the wind field of this area, and correct the wind velocity and wind direction according to four common methods of wind-waves prediction and wave factors of engineering design, the Code of Hydrology for Sea Harbor included, considering the water temperature difference, ground friction resistance, crooked degree in isobar, combined by the influence of the maximum velocity from the near station.

首先利用历史天气图，采用梯度风公式计算该区域的风场，并按照4种风浪预报和工程设计波要素常用的方法，根据水气温差、地面摩阻和等压线的弯曲程度等多种因素结合测站的实测最大风速的影响进行必要的风速和风向修正。

On the basis of the Leonov viscoelastic constitutive model, oscillatory shear flow of polymer melts in cavity during injection molding (including oscillation shear stress, melt temperature rise generated by oscillation, oscillation pressure gradient, solidified layer and oriented layer) has been researched for the first time.

本文采用了Leonov粘弹本构模型，首次研究了在注射成型中模腔内聚合熔体的振动剪切流动规律（包括振动剪切应力、振动产生的熔体温升、振动压力梯度、固化层和取向层），在研究模腔内振动剪切流动机理的同时，还在实验上研究了振动作用对制品结构和性能的影响。

Based on the data from field experiments,the effects of peach orchard intercropped with rye grass on air temperature,humidity and their gradient in the near soil surface were analyzed.

分析了桃园套种黑麦草对近地层水热环境及其梯度的影响，并进行了模拟研究。

The restraining effect of Si decreases with decreasing temperature. Fe reduces the chemical potential gradient of the dissolution of iron into molten Al and the driving force of the diffusion of Al into die.

Fe的作用主要是降低模具钢向铝熔体中溶解的化学位梯度和铝向模具中扩散的驱动力，因而，合金中的Si、Fe元素可以降低合金的焊合倾向性。

The model expanded the existing models simulating stomatal responses to environmental water status by incorporating the knowledge about the mechanisms of the action of radiation and temperature, and the interaction between them In this model, moreover, a representation of stomatal conductance as a function of stomatal geometry is used, where the water potential gradient within the leaf has been taken into account.

在不同环境因子的组合下模拟得到的结果与公认的实验观测基本一致。它可以作为研究气孔整体行为的理论框架，也可用于检验气孔运动的基本假设。第四章对Ball和Berry提出的气孔经验模型进行了分析和模拟检验。

The effects of racemate initial concentration, volume ratio of surfactant to organic solvent, pH value in internal or external phase, pH gradient from external to internal phase, ligand metallicion and system temperature on the performances of chiral separation were discussed.

摘 要：研究在含有Cu2+和N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸手性配体的乳状液膜体系中手性萃取分离氧氟沙星对映体的效果，以及外消旋体的初始浓度、表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积配比、内外水相pH值、从外水相到内水相pH值梯度变化以及配位金属离子与体系温度对液膜手性分离性能的影响。

In addition, throat flow monitoring, especially gradient temperature determination, is useful if the sensors are stable.

此外，如果传感器是稳定的，喉道流量监示器，尤其是温度梯度的确定是非常有用的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。