查询词典 temperature difference

In the present work, based on the mechanism of low - temperature corrosion, an opinion was presented by theoretical analysis and computation, that is the vacuum boiler can not avoid being corroded completely under low temperature, but the corrosion is very weak no matter if the exhaust gas temperature is higher than the flue gas dew point; it was obtained the relationship between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature along gas pass of vacuum boiler, and the one between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature under the condition that the flue gas temperature is lower than the acid dew point.

文章从锅炉发生低温腐蚀的机理人手，通过理论分析计算并通过实践检验，提出了真空相变锅炉虽然不能完全避免低温腐蚀问题，但不论排烟温度是否高于烟气露点，低温腐蚀的程度都很弱的观点；给出了真空相变锅炉沿烟气流程金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线，和烟气温度低于酸露点时金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线；同时，文章推荐真空相变锅炉的设计排烟温度取130℃左右的低排烟温度。

In the present work, based on the mechanism of low-temperature corrosion, an opinion was presented by theoretical analysis and computation, that is the vacuum boiler can not avoid being corroded completely under low temperature, but the corrosion is very weak no matter if the exhaust gas temperature is higher than the flue gas dew point; it was obtained the relationship between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature along gas pass of vacuum boiler, and the one between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature under the condition that the flue gas temperature is lower than the acid dew point.

本文从锅炉发生低温腐蚀的机理入手，通过理论分析计算并通过实践检验，提出了真空相变锅炉虽然不能完全避免低温腐蚀问题，但不论排烟温度是否高于烟气露点，低温腐蚀的程度都很弱的观点；给出了真空相变锅炉沿烟气流程金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线，和烟气温度低于酸露点时金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线；笔者专门从事真空相变锅炉的设计研究已十多年，根据上述观点设计的数百台产品已经过多年实际运行，未发现明显低温腐蚀。

This digital thermometer design uses the American DALLAS Semiconductor Company after DS1820 promotes one kind of advanced version intelligence temperature sensor DS18B20 takes the detecting element, the temperature measurement scope may amount to 0.0625 degree Celsius for the - 55--125 degree Celsius biggest resolution, may the direct readout measure the temperature to plant, moreover used the three-wire system and the monolithic integrated circuit is connected, reduced the exterior hardware circuit, has at the same time the characteristic which the low cost and easy to use it to have the microminiaturization, the low power loss, the high performance, the anti-jamming ability strong, easy to match merits and so on microprocessor, the especially qualify in constituted the multi-spot temperature observation system, might directly the temperature inversion serial digital signal for microcomputer processing, moreover each piece of DS1820 had onlyThe product number and may store in its ROM, in order to constitution large-scale temperature observation system time hangs on the single track meets willfully many DS1820 chips.

本数字温度计设计采用美国DALLAS半导体公司继DS1820之后推出的一种改进型智能温度传感器DS18B20作为检测元件，测温范围为-55——125摄氏度最大分辨率可达0.0625摄氏度，可以直接读出被测温度植，而且采用三线制与单片机相连，减少了外部的硬件电路，具有低成本和易使用的特点同时它具有微型化、低功耗、高性能、抗干拢能力强、易配微处理器等优点，特别适合于构成多点温度测控系统，可直接将温度转化成串行数字信号供微机处理，而且每片DS1820都有唯一的产品号并可存入其ROM中，以便在构成大型温度测控系统时在单线上挂接任意多个DS1820芯片。

Furthermore, the impact factor on runoff showed that, each stage has different impact factors, soil temperature and soil moisture above 65 cm plays a leading role in spring flood; in summer dry season, relation of soil temperature and moisture above 40 cm and runoff is negative correlation, the deeper soil temperature and soil moisture plays a leading role; temperature and precipitation plays a leading role in summer flood; in autumn dry season, the impact factors are soil temperature, soil moisture and temperature.

径流影响因子分析的结果表明：径流过程中不同时段具有不同的主导因子，春汛期主要是65cm以上的土壤温度和水分起主导作用；夏季枯水期40cm以上土壤水分与径流是负相关，深层地温和土壤水分起主导作用；夏汛期气温、降水起主导作用；秋季枯水期的影响因子依次为土壤温度、水分及气温。

Effect of ambient temperature, effective temperature and temperature-humidity index on rectal temperature, respiration rate, mean skin temperature and mean body temperature , respectively, were analyzed and the relationship between Tr, Tb and RR, mTs were studied to analyze thermoregulatory of dairy cows.

第一部分，探讨在高温期间，Ta、ET和THI对奶牛直肠温度、呼吸数、平均皮肤温度、平均体温的影响，再通过回归分析，检讨Tr和Tb与RR、mTS之间关系，剖析奶牛体温调节特性。

There are other factors to influence the occurrence of trace elements. The higher gasification temperature, the higher the relative enrichments of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Se and the lower of Zn in the high temperature coke and the low temperature coke. The RRE of Mn, Hg, V, Sr are not affected by gasification temperature in the high temperature coke and the low temperature coke.

痕量元素在高、低温焦中受气化温度影响变化趋势相同，即随着气化温度的升高，As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mg、Ni、Pb、Se的相对富集系数增加，Zn的相对富集系数减小，Mn、Hg、V、Sr的相对富集系数变化很小。

In view of the cooling water temperature difference in central air conditioning systems typically setting at 5℃,from the visual angle of economic and technology,establishes mathematical models to analyse the effect of the cooling water temperature and temperature difference on primary and operating costs of the cooling water systems.

针对目前集中空调系统冷却水温差大多采用5℃的情况，从经济技术的角度出发，以集中空调冷却水系统为研究对象，建立了冷却水温度与温差对冷却水系统各部分成本的影响的数学模型。

College of Guandong Business, Guanzhou 510320, China）Abstract: Since large-scale vertical quench furnace is voluminous, whose working condition is a typically complex process with distributed parameter, nonlinear, multi-inputs/multi-outputs, close coupled variables, etc, dynamically decoupling control algorithm of temperature distributed parameter system in the furnace was presented, by which the whole system was decoupled to several subsystems and the implementation of controller was simplified. With finite difference approximation, the space and time step size was solved to ensure the convergency of finite difference approximation. After decoupling, the subsystems were controlled with self-learning PID control algorithm. The results show that the temperature control precision and homogeneity are improved; the overshoot and process in temperature rising period are reduced simultaneity.

摘 要：针对大型立式淬火炉体积庞大，工况复杂，炉内温度分布呈本征非均匀性，具有多输入/多输出、非线性、强耦合等特性，难以实现炉内温度高精度高均匀性控制目标等问题，提出一种温度分布参数系统动态解耦控制算法，其原理是：采用有限维逼近方法将对象解耦为多个独立的子系统，简化控制器的实现过程；通过分析有限维逼近方法的收敛性，获得保证收敛性的空间和时间步长应满足的条件；解耦后的子系统采用自学习PID控制算法，实现炉内温度高精度和高均匀性控制以及升温过程的快速性和小超调。

The effective heat-transfer temperature difference of every effect of multi-effect evaporation subsystem and the preheat temperature rise Δt_(p,j of every level of multi-level preheat subsystem of the design model were distributed by equal heating area, equal heat-transfer temperature difference, and free proration methods.

设计型模型对多效蒸发子系统各效有效传热温差Δt_i的分配和多级预热子系统各级预热温升Δt_的分配分别采用等面积法、等温差法、自由配比法等进行分配并采用矩阵法结合迭代法进行设计模拟计算，其中自由配比法巧妙地将具有复杂约束条件的决策变量Δt_i和Δt_转化为取值0～1的中间决策变量τ_i、τ_，为Δt_i和Δt_的自由搜索进而为优化设计提供了一个简便的方法；在常规设计模拟计算的基础上，建立了复杂多效蒸发系统优化设计模型，该模型以系统年总费用最小为优化目标，以生蒸汽温度T_0、冷凝器中二次蒸汽温度T_K、蒸发温差配比系数τ_i和预热温升配比系数τ_为决策变量，采用遗传算法结合矩阵法求解。

The invention discloses an optical-fiber all-optical code converter, comprising a temperature control circuit as well as optical-fiber Mach-Zed interferometer, heat sink, semiconductor refrigerator, thermosensitive resistor and radiator, where the interferometer is composed of two cascaded 3dB couplers on the heat sink, the relation between length difference delta L of two arms of the interferometer and generated delay time difference delta T is that delta L=c.delta T/n, where c is light velocity in vacuum and n is refractive index of optical fiber; the thermosensitive resistor is used to detect temperature of interferometer, the temperature control circuit is used to compare feedback voltage of the thermosenstive resistor with a given voltage to regulate working current of the semiconductor refrigerator, and the semiconductor refrigerator refrigerates or heat two arms of the interferometer by the heat sink.

本发明公开了一种光纤型全光码型转换器，它包括温控电路和位于密封盒内的光纤型马赫-泽德干涉仪、导热热沉、半导体制冷器、热敏电阻以及散热片；干涉仪由位于导热热沉上的二个3dB耦合器级联而成，两臂的长度差ΔL与产生的延时差ΔT之间的关系为ΔL＝c。ΔT/n，c为真空中光速，n为光纤折射率；热敏电阻用于对干涉仪的温度进行探测，温控电路用于比较热敏电阻反馈的探测电压和设定电压，对半导体制冷器的工作电流进行调节，半导体制冷器通过导热热沉对干涉仪两臂同时进行制冷或加热。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。