查询词典 temperature difference

The shops sell professional-series of temperature control, high-temperature-series, electric products, the company is involved in: TDA series of temperature control instrumentation, TDW series of temperature control instrumentation, TEA series of temperature control instrumentation, XMT series of temperature control instrumentation, XMTA series of temperature control instrumentation , XMTD series of temperature control instruments, temperature control switches, temperature table, pressure gauge, double-metal thermometer, WRN thermocouple, WRE thermocouple, WRP thermocouple, WZP thermocouple, WRNK thermocouple, WREK thermocouple , WRCK thermocouple, WZPK thermocouple, sensors, Yahuang dual, dual screw, handheld digital thermometer, CU50 copper resistance, Pt100 ceramic platinum resistance, Pt100 stainless steel platinum resistance, Mica platinum resistance, high temperature wire, wire compensation , High temperature resistant fabrics, high temperature tape, yellow wax tube, since the income of resin, stainless steel tube of electric, electric carbon steel pipe tubes, electric heating of the brass, titanium tube electric tube, the single electric, electric water heaters use of, water, Pot use of electric heating, the sauna, explosion-proof electric heating pipe, iron core, Dianre Dai, box-type electric furnace, an electric stove, oven, the oven, melting furnace tin, nickel chromium resistance wire, iron wire chromium resistance, resistance zone, civilian Furnace wire, high-power industrial furnace silk, mica films, a variety of high temperature ceramic beads, ceramic pads, hairdryer batteries, electric furnace set, the furnace Church, outside the wire, stainless steel bolts, 2.60, 2.60, stainless steel bolts, stainless steel - Head bolt, the first half of stainless steel bolts, stainless steel pan head bolts, stainless steel expansion bolts, self-tapping stainless steel, stainless steel core pulling rivets, stainless steel jets hoop, stainless steel wire hoop, stainless steel plates, stainless steel bar, stainless steel flanges, stainless steel pipe, Stainless steel wire, a variety of metal hose bridge.

本门市部专业销售温控仪系列、高温线系列、电热系列产品，产品涉及：TDA系列温控仪表、TDW系列温控仪表、TEA系列温控仪表、XMT系列温控仪表、XMTA系列温控仪表、XMTD系列温控仪表、温控开关、水温表、压力表、双金属温度计、WRN热电偶、WRE热电偶、WRP热电偶、WZP热电偶、WRNK热电偶、WREK热电偶、WRCK热电偶、WZPK热电偶、传感器、压簧偶、螺钉偶、数显手持式温度计、CU50铜电阻、Pt100陶瓷铂电阻、Pt100不锈钢铂电阻、云母铂电阻，耐高温导线、补偿导线、耐高温布、耐高温胶带，黄腊管、树脂自息管、不锈钢管电热管、碳钢管电热管、铜管电热管、钛管电热管、单头电热管、热水器用电热管、电水壶用电热管、桑拿管、防爆电热管、电熨斗芯、电热带、箱式电炉、民用电炉、烘箱、烤箱、熔锡炉、镍铬电阻丝、铁铬电阻丝、电阻带、民用电炉丝、大功率工业电炉丝、云母片、各种规格的耐高温瓷珠、瓷垫片、吹风芯、电炉盘、炉堂、外丝管、不锈钢外六角螺栓、不锈钢内六角螺栓，不锈钢沉头螺栓、不锈钢半圆头螺栓、不锈钢盘头螺栓、不锈钢膨胀螺栓、不锈钢自攻丝、不锈钢抽芯铆钉、不锈钢喉箍、不锈钢钢丝箍、不锈钢板材、不锈钢棒材、不锈钢法兰、不锈钢管件、不锈钢丝、各种规格的金属软管、桥架。

In this period of time, the mean annual air/ground temperature, mean annual maximum and minimum air/ground temperature, extreme maximum and minimum air/ground temperature, difference between ground-and air temperature, and annual accumulated temperature in the area all had an increasing trend, and the increase of mean annual air temperature, mean annual ground temperature, difference between ground-and air temperature, mean annual minimum air temperature, extreme maximum ground temperature, and extreme minimum ground temperature was more obvious, being 0.32℃, 0.59℃, 0.27℃, 0.39℃, 2.03℃, 1.62℃ per 10 years, respectively.

结果表明：26年来，林区热因子（平均气温、平均地温、平均最高／最低气温、平均最高／最低地温、极端最高／最低气温、极端最高／最低地温、地气温差、年积温）均呈上升趋势，其中平均气温、平均地温、地气温差、平均最低气温和极端最高／最低地温升高趋势明显，每10年分别增加0.32℃、0.59℃、0.27℃、0.39℃、2.03℃、1.62℃，最低温度的升高趋势都大于最高温度的增长速率，说明尖峰岭热带山地雨林区气候变暖来自于最低温度升高的贡献。

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全国免费服务热线：400 880 2959主营产品：盐雾腐蚀试验箱/二氧化硫试验箱/高温试验箱/低温试验箱/高低温试验箱/高低温湿热试验箱。/高低温交变湿热试验箱/台式恒温恒湿试验箱/恒温恒湿试验箱/精密干燥试验箱/真空干燥箱/高低温冲击试验箱/紫外光加速老化试验机/氙灯耐气候试验箱/换气式老化试验箱/臭氧老化试验箱/防锈油脂湿热试验箱/砂尘试验箱/箱式淋雨试验箱/摆管淋雨试验装置/滴水试验装置/霉菌交变试验箱/盐雾腐蚀试验室/大型高低温步入试验室/恒温恒湿试验室/盐雾恒温恒湿高温复合试验箱/温度老化室/真空紫外老化试验箱/机械式跌落试验台/电脑控制振动台/温湿度振动三综合试验机/温度快速变化试验箱

Studied present measuring methods" advantages and disadvantages, and presented the necessity and importance of researching propellant transient heat transfer.2.according to 130 and aeronautic 90 rocket projectiles" structure, analysed and acquired physical and mathematical models for propellant transient heat transfer, also designed propellant temperature field simulation units for test.3.acquired discrete transient heat balance equation and temperature calculation program, and gave contrasting curves between experimental temperature values and program calculating temperature values as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.4.by programs based on the first class boundary condition, worked out temperature distribution in propellant temperature field simulation units at different time, analysed temperature field distribution law and main elements affecting heat transfer, acquired propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.5.established transient heat transfer mathematical model and temperature calculation program for the third class boundary condition, drew contrasting curves between temperature experimental values and calculation values and gave maximum errors and average square root errors between them, got temperature distribution in the simulation unit at different time and main elements affecting heat conduction, figured out propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.

分析了现有测试方法的优缺点，提出了研究推进剂瞬态导热的必要性和重要性。 2。根据130和航90两种火箭弹的结构，分析得到了推进剂传热的物理模型和数学模型，设计了推进剂温度场模拟实验装置。 3。得到了离散形式的瞬态热平衡方程和温度场计算程序，给出了实验温度与程序计算温度值的对比曲线及其最大偏差与均方差。 4。利用程序求出了第一类边界条件下、不同时刻推进剂温度场模拟装置中的温度分布，分析了温度场的分布规律和影响传热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处的温度时间曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差。 5。建立了第三类边界条件下的瞬态导热数学模型和温度计算程序，求出了温度实测值与计算值的对比曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，得到了不同时刻温度场模拟装置的温度分布与影响导热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处温度及两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，讨论并确定了能代表130和航90推进剂温度的特征点的位置。

It 's mainly used in steel tubes of high 's mainly used in steel tubes of high temperature superheaters with surface temperature temperature superheaters with surface temperature ≤625℃ and high ≤625℃ and high temperature reheaters with surface temperature temperature reheaters with surface temperature ≤650℃, and high ≤650℃, and high temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature ≤600℃.

主要主要用于壁温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处理。

To further investigate the influence of the Internet on the students, a further research is conducted by breaking the students into three groups -frequent Internet users, occasional Internet users and non-internet users. The result indicates that the self-harmony of frequent Internet users shows a sharp difference in terms of school and grade, the self and the unharmony of show a sharp difference in terms of school, grade and sex, and that the self-esteem and the two dimension - the flexibility and rigidity of self-harmony show no difference in terms of school, age and sex; the self-harmony and all dimensions of occasional Internet users show no significant difference, the self-esteem of occasional Internet users show no significant difference in terms of school and grade but show significant difference in terms of sex; the self-harmony and all dimensions of the non-Internet users show no significant difference, the self-esteem of the non-Internet users show no significant difference in terms of grade and sex, and the self-esteem of the non-Internet users show significant difference in terms of school.

为了进一步研究网络对学生的影响，又将学生分为经常上网、偶尔上网、不上网三类分别来研究：经常上网学生自我和谐在学校、年级都存在极显著差异，自我与经验的不和谐在学校、年级、性别存在极显著差异，自尊和自我和谐的灵活性和刻板性两个维度在学校、年龄、性别都没有差异；偶尔上网学生，自我和谐及各维度都不存在显著性差异，自尊在学校和年级不存在显著性差异，在性别上有显著性差异；不上网学生自我和谐及各维度都不存在显著性差异，自尊在年级和性别不存在显著性差异，自尊在学校上有显著性差异。

In this paper, the 3-D finite element relocating mesh method is used to calculate the temperature field and the thermal creep stress field of spillway dam and mid level outlet dam in certain roller compacted concrete gravity dam, sensitivity analysis have been down with different parameters, such as placing temperature, the location of cooling pipe, cooling temperature, time for water supply, ascended-layer of concrete, intermissive time and different placing time, and the commendatory construction scheme have been put forward in such analysis; according by the test result on the two scheme of concrete aggregate combination (basalt as coarse aggregate and limestone as fine aggregate, basalt as coarse aggregate and basalt as fine aggregate), simulation analysis on temperature field and thermal creep stress field of the commendatory construction scheme have been down, and analysis have also been down on temperature field and thermal stress field of the two different aggregate combination, the result indicates that the spillway dam and mid level outlet dam which adopted these two aggregate combination can both satisfy the require of design crack resistance in concrete, furthermore limestone as fine is better than basalt as fine aggregate; the effect of summer water storage and winter water storage on the temperature field and thermal stress field have been analyzed, comparing with winter water storage, in summer water storage scheme the maximum tensile stress at abnormal concrete in upstream fill is decreased by 0.1～0.3MPa and there are no evidence change of the maximum tensile stress at other parts, which indicate that summer water storage is avail for the crack resistance of upstream fill; according to the simulation calculating result and comparing temperature simulation calculating results and temperature controlling measures of some similarity projects both completed and construction, synthesis appraise have been carried to the design temperature controlling measures of dam, and the temperature controlling measures of this project have been brought forward, all these have great reference value on the design of temperature controlling measures and the optimization of the construction scheme.

本文采用三维有限元浮动网格法仿真计算程序，对某碾压混凝土重力坝的溢流坝段和中孔坝段分别进行了三维有限元温度场和温度徐变应力仿真计算分析，对浇筑温度、冷却水管的布置方式、冷却水温、通水时间、浇筑升程和间歇时间、不同开始浇筑日期等参数进行了敏感性分析，在此基础上提出了推荐的施工方案；根据两种骨料方案(玄武岩粗骨料+灰岩细骨料方案；玄武岩粗骨料+玄武岩细骨料方案)的混凝土性能试验研究成果，对推荐的施工方案进行了温度场和温度徐变应力仿真计算，并对比分析了两种不同骨料情况下的温度场和温度应力，结果表明溢流坝段及中孔坝段采用上述两种骨料均能满足混凝土的抗裂设计要求，且灰岩细骨料优于玄武岩细骨料；计算分析了夏季蓄水和冬季蓄水对坝体温度场和温度应力的影响，夏季蓄水方案与冬季蓄水方案相比，坝体上游变态混凝土区域最大拉应力小0.1～0.3MPa，其他部位最大拉应力无明显变化，夏季蓄水对坝体上游面混凝土的抗裂有利；根据仿真计算成果并通过比较国内一些已建和在建的类似工程的温度仿真计算成果及采取的温控措施，对大坝的设计温控措施进行了综合评价，并提出了该工程的温控措施，对温控设计和优化施工方案具有重要参考价值。

I''d like to take the opportunity to thank you allI hope that we can cooperate sincerely, complement each other, realize double winscreate bright future together. Salt Spray test chamber\ sulfur dioxide hydrogen sulfide test chamber\ High temperature test chamber\ Low temperature test chamber\Highlow temperature test chamber\ Highlow temperature-humidity test chamber\ Highlow temperature alternating temperature humidity test chamber\ Desktop constant temperaturehumidity test chamber\ Constant temperaturehumidity test chamber\ Precise drying test chamber\ Vacuum drying chamber\ Highlow temperature shock test chamber\ Ultraviolet accelerated weatherometer\ Xeon lamp weather resistance test chamber\ Air ventilation climatic chamber\0zone climatic chamber\ Rustproof grease humidity test chamber\ Sanddust test chamber\ Box rain test chamber\ Pipe rain test device\ Drip box\ Alternating mould test chamber\ Salt-mist corrosion laboratory\ Salt-mist corrosion laboratory\ Large highlow temperature stepping into laboratory\ Temperature aging room\ Vacuum UV aging test chamber\ Mechanical test bed\ Computer control vibrating table\ Temperaturehumidityvibrating combined testing machine\ Instantaneous temperature test chamber

本公司主要产品有：盐雾腐蚀试验箱/二氧化硫试验箱/高温试验箱/低温试验箱/高低温试验箱/高低温湿热试验箱/高低温交变湿热试验箱/台式恒温恒湿试验箱/恒温恒湿试验箱/精密干燥试验箱/真空干燥箱/高低温冲击试验箱/紫外光加速老化试验机/氙灯耐气候试验箱/换气式老化试验箱/臭氧老化试验箱/防锈油脂湿热试验箱/砂尘试验箱/箱式淋雨试验箱/摆管淋雨试验装置/滴水试验装置/霉菌试验箱/盐雾试验室/大型高低温步入试验室/恒温恒湿试验室/盐雾恒温恒湿高温复合试验箱/温度老化室/真空紫外老化试验箱/机械式跌落试验台/振动试验台/温湿度振动三综合试验机/温度快速变化试验箱

To give the definition of the mass concrete and to concrete\'s cracks together with practical meanings of control ,and give a brief review on the research in the field at home and abroad, at last, methods to control temperature crack of the mass concrete from several aspects such as design measures,concrets material, construction schedules.etc are summed up; To explain the physical mechanics of the concrete and computing methods-Difference Method and Finite Element Method, and illustrate the application of their specific methods repectively;Several temperature factors that can influence the temperature stress of mass concrete baseplate are analyzed. The influence degree of temperature factor can be got through the ANSYS simulation computation the control of temperature can control the temperature stress, consequently control the temperature crack of mass concert baseplate; through the influence of the crack resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate which takes the reinforcement as a part is analyzed. By ANSYS simulation, the best suited volume ratio of reinforcement is found out, at same time the layout of reinforcement with the same volume ratio can also affect the resistance ability of mass concrete baseplate. Sum up of above analysis, anti-crack function of steel bar in early mass concrete baseplate is obvious, so it\'s necessary to consider beneficial effect of construction steel bar in research of temperature control on mass concrete baseplate.

本文先容了大体积混凝土及混凝土裂缝的基本概念，对国内外在这个领域里的研究现状作了扼要叙述，并从结构设计、混凝土材质、施工措施等方面总结了大体积混凝土温度裂缝控制的方法及防止措施；阐述了混凝土的基本物理力学性能，总结了大体积混凝土温度计算的方法——差分法和有限元法，并分别举例说明其具体应用的方法；分析了影响大体积混凝土底板温度应力的几种温度因素，利用ANSYS模拟计算，得出了每种因素的影响程度，通过分析提出了在这几种温度影响因素下如何通过控制温度以达到控制温度应力从而来控制裂缝的具体建议；针对大体积混凝土基础底板中配筋的不同对混凝土底板抗裂能力的影响不同，利用ANSYS进行模拟分析，得出底板中最合适的体积配筋率，同时分析了在相同体积配筋率下钢筋的具体布置对大体积混凝土基础底板抗裂能力的影响，分析表明，配置钢筋对混凝土结构的开裂阻止作用明显，在研究大体积混凝土温度裂缝题目时，要考虑钢筋在其中的有利作用。

The research contents mainly include: First, the influence of foundation constraint condition to the temperature stress is analyzed, the temperature stress formula of ultra-long concrete anchor plate is deduced, then the influence of length to structure crack can be gotten from the formula. Second, a breathing method is set up to solve the problem of temperature stress in ultra-long concrete constructions. By setting the sliding floor, a breathing system is built up and the temperature stress reduced distinctly. Third, the effect of prestress technique in the control of temperature stress is analyzed, it is simulated and calculated through FEA to get the right way to apply the prestress. Forth, the delay of temperature field and unsteady conduction is considered, the temperature field of ultra-long concrete structure with later poured band is simulated, then temperature stress distribution after casting the concrete is calculated, finally the effect of later poured band to temperature stress of ultra-long structure is analyzed.

本文的研究内容主要包括：(1)分析了基础约束对超长混凝土结构温度应力的影响，推导了超长混凝土地基板温度应力公式，从而得出长度对结构裂缝的影响；(2)针对超长混凝土裂缝问题，提出了一种可呼吸的解决方法，通过设置滑动层，使结构成为一种"可呼吸"体系，从而有效的降低温度应力；(3)分析了预应力技术在控制超长结构温度应力中的作用，通过有限元模拟计算，得到合理的预应力施加方式；(4)考虑温度场的滞后效应及不稳定传导，对带后浇带超长混凝土结构浇注后的温度场仿真模拟，计算浇注后的温度应力分布，分析后浇带对超长结构温度应力的影响。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。