查询词典 technology

It includes the computer and software, telecommunications, broadcasting and television, micro-electronics and basic components and highlights mobile telecommunications technology, multimedia technology, high-definition televisual technology, digital audio-visual technology, PDP, network technology, character/speech/graph recognition and processing technologies.

包括计算机及其软件、通信、广播电视、微电子及基础元器件各产业，重点是移动通信（gsm、cdma、wcdma）技术、多媒体通信技术、高清晰度电视技术、数字式视听技术、等离子显示技术、网络技术、文字/语音/图形图象识别和处理技术。

The technology architecture is the technology way adopted for the system, which includes workflow management technology, templet technology, and navigation-based automatic generation software technology.

技术框架是系统采取的技术路线，包括工作流管理技术、模板技术和基于导航的软件自动生成技术。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

Computer technologies including interruption technology, DMA technology, EMS technology and XMS technology are integrated in the system. The two key problems, real time multi-task processing and multi-circle uninterrupted measuring are effectively solved. Owing to the adoption of objectoriented technology, the software structure of the developing system is greatly simplified. As a result, the developing efficiency of the software is greatly improved.

本研究初步完成了电控开发系统的开发，该系统利用PC机和通用功能板等标准硬件，并开发了测控接口板和功率驱动板等专用部件，使所开发的电控开发系统具有开放式和组合式结构，减少了电控开发系统的成本，并使其具有很好的适应性和发展性，通过综合运用中断技术、DMA技术以及EMS和XMS技术等多项计算机技术，使电控开发系统不仅具有了ECU的功能，而且还具有多参数多循环同步测量和实时人机交互处理等能力。

The virtual realistic technology is synthetic application about computer animative technology, visualable technology, artificial intelligence, multi-media technique, pattern identify, automatic control and senor technology, It will be low expense and short period if making use of virtual technology to develop new products.

虚拟现实技术是计算机动画技术、计算机视觉、人工智能、多媒体技术、模式识别、自动控制、传感技术的综合运用。利用虚拟技术开发新产品费用低、周期短。

Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly;(2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C;(3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best;(4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication;(5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.

通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。

The internal combustion engine specially designed for coking tail gas adopts advanced and reliable technology, such as electric control carburator technology, pre-combustion chamber technology, digital ignition technology, turbo-charging technology, etc.

焦炉煤气发电机组采用电控混合器、预燃室、数字点火、增压等项技术，具有操作简单，维修方便，使用寿命长等特点；焦炉煤气发电站建站周期短，投资少，见效快，经济效益可观，具有广阔的推广应用前景。

Nowadays,with the development of communication technology,network technology,semiconductor technology and singlechip technology. Singlechip technology will have great influence on human life and change people's lifestyle continuedly in the future .

近年来，随着通讯技术、网络技术和半导体技术的飞速发展以及单片机技术的进步，单片机对人类生活产生了巨大影响，并将继续改变人类未来的生活方式。

Firstly, the recombinant engineering technology related vaccine preparation was set up, including: 1. the gene knock-out based on linear DNA target molecular in vivo; 2. the selection and counterselection technology of exogenous gene knock in definite site on chromosome; 3. the Gap-repair clone technology in vivo; 4. the recombination technology of single-chain DNA and the overlapping primer; 5. Set up the new selection and counterselection technology of neo-E.

本研究首先建立与疫苗制备相关的重组工程技术包括：①基于线型DNA打靶分子的大肠杆菌体内基因剔除技术，②选择与反选择外源基因定位敲入染色体上特定位点技术，③Gap-repair体内克隆技术，④单链DNA重组技术和重叠引物介导的DNA重组技术，⑤建立&抗生素-酶切位点&选择反选择技术新技术。

The design includes many new technologies in data exchange and data security, they are: Converting non-XML data to XML in order to apply the XML security technology to more data types; Using the technology of XKMS and PKI to manage the public key in order to overcome the shortage of complexity and difficulty in using PKI and improve the efficiency of the public key management; Using Diffe-Hellman algorithm combining with the public key technology to exchange secret key in order to furthest increase the security of the key; Using the technology of XML digital signature algorithm to ensure the integrity, message authentication and signer authentication of the data; Using the technology of XML encryption to ensure confidentiality of the data; Defining delegable access rules on the structure and content of the XML documents to provide fine-grained access control. According to the XML security framework, a XML security library is designed and implemented.

在对XML及其安全技术主要包括XML加密技术、XML数字签名、公钥管理、密钥产生和交换进行研究的基础上，结合传统密码技术和XML安全技术提出了一种基于XML的数据安全模型，模型中包含了目前网络数据交换和安全领域的一系列最新技术，主要有：将非XML格式数据转换为XML格式数据的方法，以保证现有的大部分网络数据能够应用XML安全技术；使用XML公钥管理技术结合PKI技术管理公钥，以克服PKI技术实施和部署复杂、难度大等问题，提高公钥管理的效率；使用Diffie-Hellman算法结合公钥技术交换密钥，以最大限度保证密钥的安全；使用XML数字签名技术保证数据的完整性、不可否认性和发送方身份认证；使用XML加密技术保证数据的机密性；根据XML文档的内容和结构定义授权访问规则进行良好的访问控制。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。