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In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in africa. alban ayipaga, a kasena semiprofessional musician from northern ghana, says that when his fluteand drum ensembleis performing."anybody can take part".

（47）在大多数情况下，如果是在我们自己的文化中演奏音乐，就很容易区分观众与演奏者，但在非洲，情况通常并非如此。alban ayipage，一名来自加纳北部的喀萨纳半职业音乐家在他的长笛与鼓歌舞团表演时说道，"任何人都可以参加"。

Take a fancy to(亦作 take 或 have a fancy for)喜欢,爱上 What would his father be advising now…,what would he sayto this menace against her to whom he had taken such a fancy inthe last weeks of his life?

J.Galsworthy"，In Chancery"，part I，ch Ⅷ他的父亲现在会出什么主意呢……关于这种对她不利的威胁，他又该说些什么呢，在他生命的最后几星期内，他还是那么喜欢她？

On the move, account for, one's own flesh and blood, go bowling, take advantage of, word of mouth, make use of, have something in common, submit to, in vain, in rags, fortune telling, take to, in terror, in large numbers, compensate for, vote for, a variety of, cater to, be designed for, make for, rely on, ride a skateboard, in part, wipe out, have prejudice against, a ray of light

主题句通常是每个段落的首句。然而，在一些论文、故事或文章的第一段里，主题句又常常出现在一个问题或一个引用语或一个有趣的事实后面。这主要是为了吸引读者的注意力。★论据：主题句后常跟有用以解释或证明其观点内容的句子，即论据。如

To take the job as a part of life, one must really love and whole-heartedly devote to his work, is able to take pleasure in hardship and be indifferent to fame and wealth, does not have problem with long years of toil, instead, can enjoy it as if it were malt sugar and treats everyday work as eating and sleeping.

要把工作当成生命的一部分，必须真心热爱，真情投入，以苦为乐、淡泊名利，并不以长年累月的辛勤工作为苦，反而甘之如饴，把每天的劳作当成如同吃饭、睡觉一样，如此这般，工作是美丽的，即使我们的业绩并不辉煌，更不能青史留名，也可问心无愧，活得有声有色。

Modified the official sounded the clarion call, the training conducted in an orderly according to the original plan and take "going to learn, please come in teachers", the Department has been flying more than 20 aircraft and more than 50 co-pilot as the Airbus A321 can carry out its mandate, the end of last year and safety of crew members at 6 approved 230 people took part in Guangzhou Airbus A321-long difference in training and in March this year, sent 6 people to myrmidon flight to Sanya.

为完成好这一具有历史性意义的工作，南航湖南分公司给予了高度重视：成立飞机引进领导小组，分管领导各司其职，各负其责；对现有员工结构、技术力量认真分析，对改装人员仔细甄选，层层分解各时段目标，多次召开专人、专题研讨会，制定科学、规范的管理制度，力求将改装中产生的问题各个击破，化解于无形。

Part of… an important part of … to the music during his lifetime turn into… have different opinions about… on the other hand because of … either…or… with music on take turns doing sth. as often as possible get along with… stand for… hear of ….

in the open air in the beauty of the country Unit 12 ……的一部分……的一个重要的部分合着音乐在他的一生中进入；使变成对……有不同的看法另一方面由于……要么……要么……放着音乐轮流做某事尽可能多地……进展；与……相处代表……听说……闯入；破门而入环顾圆周经过过去的二十年越来越流行不再再一次等等在五十年代认为……是重要的转向；求助……对……生气充满……对……有很好的看法取笑……。

In order, however, that those who ought to attend so very useful a council may not be held back in any way from coming, we hereby grant and concede, with the approval of the said sacred council, to each and every one of those summoned to the council by the said Julius, our predecessor, or who ought to take part, by right or custom, in the meetings of general councils, especially those of the French nation, and to those schismatics and others who are coming to the said Lateran council by common or special right, on account of a declaration or apostolic letter of our predecessors or of the apostolic see (except, of course, those under prohibition), and to the attendants and associates of those who come, of whatever status, rank, condition or nobility they may be, ecclesiastical or secular, for themselves and all their belongings, a free, guaranteed and fully comprehensive safeconduct, for coming by land or sea through the states, territories and places that are subject to the said Roman church, to this Lateran council in Rome, and of residing in the city and freely exchanging views, and of leaving it as often as they wish, with complete, unrestricted and total security and with a true and unchallengeable papal guarantee, notwithstanding any impositions of ecclesiastical or secular censures and penalties which may have been promulgated in general against them, for whatever reasons, by law or by the aforesaid see, under any forms of words or clauses, and which they may in general have incurred.

为了然而，这些谁应该参加这样非常有用的一个委员会可能不会举行任何方式从今后，我们在此授予和承认，并核准说，神圣的理事会，每一个人传唤安理会的朱利叶斯说，我们的前任，或谁应该采取的一部分，由权利或习俗，在会议一般性理事会，尤其是法国的国家，以及那些schismatics和其他谁是未来的说拉特兰安理会通过共同或特殊的权利，考虑到申报或使徒信中我们的前辈或使徒见（当然，除非这些规定禁止），以及人员和同夥的人谁来，无论地位，职级，条件或贵族，他们可能会，教会或世俗的，为自己和所有财物，一个自由，保障和全面的safeconduct ，为今后的陆地或海上的国家，地区和地方，均受说，罗马教会，本拉特兰理事会在罗马，以及居住在城市和自由交换意见，并离开它往往是他们愿意，完全，不受限制和总的安全和真正的和不容挑战教皇的保证，尽管有任何强加的教会或世俗的谴责和惩罚，可能已经颁布了对他们的一般，不论原因，根据法律规定或上述看到，在任何形式的文字或条款，他们可能在一般性支出。

The conventional liquid based RP system used a special designed recoat to scrape resin from one side of the tank to the other to ensure the surface flatness. The scraping procedure will take off extra resin but with a drawback of shear force to the working part. In order to overcome the drawback of the shear force, a supporting structure is necessary to build under the working part.

目前商业化之液态快速原型系统中，大部分使用刮板铺层进行层厚控制的部份，铺层系统铺过工件表面时，微小结构容易受到刮板所产生的剪切力破坏，为了克服剪切力这个缺点，使能制作出具有外悬机构原型时，必须建立支撑结构。

Of course, we can leave this anecdote with unbeliveable attitude or just a smile, bue we can continue to watch a series of "Playbacks": Dell get his first computer on his fifteen's birthday, then he disintegrated it with high proficiency; Sixteen - years- old's Dell can easily get thousands of order when he look for orders for one newspaper via the method of fractionized the market;there are three PCs in the backseat of the car ,Dell drove the BMW which bought by the money of sale the newspapers when his first day to register in the university;1984,DELL set up with registered capital of USD1000 in the university dormitory.The youth Dell considered to take a part in the unlimited career and left the university when his first year in the university without considering when the computer business increased very quickly. We involuntary sigh that the youth Americans's persist in pursuing interest, grasping the business opportunities, determination of doing when thinking and doing the best.

我们当然可以对这段趣闻将信将疑或者干脆一笑了之，但当我们继续看到这样一组&回放镜头&——15岁生日时戴尔得到了第一台电脑，随即将它解体完毕，动作完全是熟门熟路；16岁的戴尔在为某报纸联系订户时通过细分市场的方法轻松找到了数千张定单；18岁的戴尔开着卖报纸赚钱买的宝马汽车去大学报到第一天，后座里藏着三部个人电脑；1984年，DELL公司以1000美元的注册资金在大学宿舍里成立，电脑升级销售的生意成长得如此之快，年轻的戴尔开始考虑&全职&从事这一充满潜力的事业，并径自办了退学，当时他只读完大学一年级，由此我们便不由自主地感叹于这个美国年轻人对兴趣的追求、对商机的把握、想到就做的果断以及那种既然要做就抛掉一切去做到最好的执著。

It is concluded in Chapter Eight that: 1 linguistic proficiencies in three languages play a considerable part in code-switching of EFL teachers in trilingual context; the inter-sentential switching outweighs the intra-sentential switching both in frequencies and percentage; discourse-related switching also outweighs participant-related switching in frequencies and percentage; the EFL is maintained longest in EFL classroom and the language maintained second longest depends upon learners" higher proficiency in Chinese or Tibetan. 2 Ethnic identity and educational background is the major causal factor of EFL teachers" Chinese-English switching in trilingual classroom; duration of language contact and relative trilingual proficiencies are the two principal contributors to the English-Tibetan switching; while Tibetan-English switching is mainly driven by EFL teachers" ethnic identity and education background, as well as the duration of language contact; English-Chinese switching is also largely motivated by the duration of trilingual contact; and Chinese-Tibetan switching is determined by trilingual proficiency to a considerable extent. Meanwhile, psychologically, the switching is mainly motivated by a procedure of psychological projection, trilingual system conceptualization and the mentality of trilingual selection. 3 The educational reflections upon this study indicate: firstly, in trilingual context, the teachers" classroom discourse is characterized by the multilingual involvement, flexibility in strategy option as well as the extension and strengthening of the domination of teachers" discourse. Secondly, the discourse movement and code-switching are largely affected by two cultural ecological mechanisms: enculturation and cultural manipulation. Thirdly, the status quo of EFL trilingual teachers are characterized by unbalanced trilingual proficiencies, poor cultural awareness, and little knowledge of trilingual education and trilingual code-switching, therefore, suggestions are advanced in the end to provide them further education. Fourthly, in trilingual context, the EFL curriculum for ethnic minorities is characterized by plurality of aims, complexity of organization and variety of resources. Meanwhile, it is of great necessity to understand the linguistic values of EFL education for ethnic minority learners. To be specific, firstly, we should not only have a deep understanding of the distribution, construction, function as well as communicative effects of the three languages, but also have a comparative study of the three languages and thus provide the standardization and guidance for the trilingual education. In the end, it is advanced that trilingual EFL provision for ethnic minority should pursue to develop learners" multicultural value system in which first language culture and mother language culture take the central position and EFL culture plays a vital role.

3在三语环境下，教师课堂话语具有话语形态多元化、话语选择策略具有灵活性和教师话语权得到延伸和拓展等特征；文化涵化和文化操控是影响三语教师课堂语码转换的两种文化生态机制；参差不齐的三语水平、淡薄的多元文化意识和对三语教学和语码转换缺乏科学认识是我国目前三语师资的主要特点，因此应对三语教师进行职后继续教育；在三语环境下，民族外语课程具有课程目标多元化、课程组织复杂化和课程资源多样化等特点；应对民族外语教育的语言价值进行审视和解读，对三种语言在课堂话语中的分布趋势、结构特征、功能作用和交际效果等问题进行深入研究，加强对三种语言间的对比分析研究，同时对民族外语教育中的三语教学进行规范和指导；在强调民族文化和二语文化在三语文化格局中心地位和外语文化的重要作用的同时，民族地区的外语教育应以构建多元文化价值观为其文化追求。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。