查询词典 systematic error

It also can be used to measure the geometrical tolerance, such as straightness error, roundness error, cylindricity error, parallelism error, perpendicularity error, angularity error, coaxiality error, symmetry error and circular run-out error etc.

该仪器集机、光、电于一体，采用了新的光路系统和近些年最新的测量方法及数据处理方法，具有功能多、体积小、重量轻、操作方便、非接触测量、测量精度高等特点。

In this paper, some characteristic functions of the multifunctional single-flank mesh gear tester of model CD320G-D which is applying gear integrated error measuring technique, computer technique, error separation technique, fault diagnosis technique and error prediction technique, including automatic searching of profile error start point, determination of profile barrelling, separation of profile form error and profile slope error, measurement of profile error with evaluation range subtracting tooth tip, measurement of tooth topograph and statistical analysis of gear manufacture error, are presented.

阐述了综合应用齿轮整体误差测量技术、计算机技术、误差分离技术、故障诊断技术和误差预报技术的多功能 CD320G-D 型单啮仪的一些具有特色的功能。这些功能包括齿形误差起测点的自动找定、凸形齿凸形量的测定及其形状误差与倾斜误差的分离、取值范围扣除齿顶部的齿形误差的测量、齿面轮廓度误差的测量以及齿轮加工误差的大样本统计分析。

On a grating type gear integrated error measuring equipm ent, this technique employs the three-point method error separation technique fo r separation of the systematic error of the measuring chain of equipment spindle system including measuring worm error, grating transducer error, bearing rota ry error etc.

在一台光栅式齿轮整体误差测量仪上，它用三点法误差分离技术能分离开仪器轴系测量链的系统误差(包括测量蜗杆误差、光栅传感器误差、轴承回转误差等)和被测齿轮的全谐波误差。

Second, the data checking and correction process, to understand the various sources of measurement error, its three main areas: equipment error (determined by the instrument itself, is an objective source of error), observation error (due to the technical level personnel a result of belonging to a subjective source of error), external influence error (subject, such as temperature, atmospheric refraction effects of external factors such as these factors are also constantly changing and difficult to control, belonging to a variable source of error).

其次，在对数据的检查和矫正的过程中，明白了各种测量误差的来源，其主要有三个方面：仪器误差（仪器本身所决定，属客观误差来源）、观测误差（由于人员的技术水平而造成，属于主观误差来源）、外界影响误差（受到如温度、大气折射等外界因素的影响而这些因素又时时处于变动中而难以控制，属于可变动误差来源）。

To analyze the pseudo phenomena caused by migration velocity error, the paper firstly studied the depth error between post-stack migration and prestack migration caused by same velocity error, and found the depth error was only relative to velocity error and had no direct matter with methods of depth migration (post-stack migration or prestack migration). Then the paper did numerical simulation of a complex lenticular body model with wave-equation modeling and migration, and found that the velocity error could not only induce depth error, but also could change the modality of construction and the event of subjacent layers. Furthermore, it could change the frequency of reflective event. They are the pseudo phenomena caused by migration.

从分析偏移速度误差带来的各种假象出发，本文首先对比分析了速度误差对叠后深度偏移和叠前深度偏移的影响，发现偏移剖面的深度误差仅与速度模型的误差有关系，与具体的偏移方法没有直接的关系；然后对一个复杂的透镜体模型进行了波动方程叠后正演和偏移计算，详细地讨论了不同的速度误差带来的各种假象，发现速度误差不仅会带来深度误差，而且会造成构造体的形态变化，下覆地层同向轴的扭曲，还可能引起地层同向轴的频率发生变化，给资料解释带来一定的假象。

Error analysis In order to analysis the pose error of the hexapod machine tool, considering the characteristics of the parallel mechanism,"analysis on the error prominency factors for the hexapod machine tool pose error"is proposed. Numerically, the error prominency factor can express the influence on the pose error of the tool resulted from the mechanism parameter error within the whole workspace.

四、位姿误差分析为了定量地对并联机器人机床位姿误差进行分析，结合并联机构的特点，首次提出了&并联机器人机床位姿误差放大因子分析法&，因位姿误差放大因子是反映机床机构参数误差对刀具末端误差影响大小的机床工作空间内的统计值，因此既可作为机床结构参数精度设计的依据又可对机构参数进行优化。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

Error Analysis of UGPS Error sources of UGPS include GPS observation error, attitude error, baseline network strength, sound velocity error, time measuring error.

系统的误差分析实现水下的精密定位，需要分析影响系统定位的各种因素。

On the basis of the study on the mathematical model of the closed-loop location control, the analysis of contour error in the process motion control and error calculation model, according to the lack of using normal contour error model not to calculate contour error of curve in real-time, combining real-time contour error compensation control strategy and fuzzy logic theory, the fuzzy logic and real-time contour error calculation based self-discipline control strategy is proposed.

2在研究闭环位置控制数学模型、加工轮廓运动控制中的误差分析和轮廓误差计算模型的基础上，针对利用一般运动轮廓误差计算模型不能实时计算出曲线轮廓误差的不足，结合实时轮廓误差补偿控制策略和模糊逻辑理论，研究了基于模糊逻辑理论和实时误差计算的轮廓自律控制策略。

The evaluation method and algorithm of shape error (roundness, plane straightness, space straightness, cylindricity) were discussed. A new kind of algorithm, namely mesh searching method, which can be used to evaluate the roundness error, plane straightness error, space straightness error and cylindricity error, were put forward. With this algorithm, the shape error can be obtained by transferring the distance formula repeatedly and simple judgment without linearzing the distance formula (from point to point or point to line) and choosing optimal direction and step length.

对形状误差(圆度、平面直线度、空间直线度、圆柱度)的评定方法及算法进行了讨论，提出了一种评价圆度误差、平面直线度误差、空间直线度误差及圆柱度误差的新算法——网格搜索法，该算法不需要对距离公式线性化，也不需要选定优化方向和优化步长，只需重复调用距离公式和简单的判断即可得到符合定义的形状误差。

"Bird Man's Diary, Butting on the Love Island", Changsha, China

2008年"鸟人日记，顶在爱情岛"，中国长沙

As long as they were in the service of a family of wizards, their magic would remain dormant.

只要他们一天为家庭服务，他们的法力就潜藏不动。