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A new, stereo-controlled method of aldehyde group synthesis is summarized, which is used to synthesize aldehyde group by introducing thiazole ring and has a wide appreciation for bio-activated compounds synthesis.

摘要本文综述了一种新型可立体控制的醛基合成方法––利用唑环引入醛基的方法以及它在具有生物活性物质合成中的应用。

We make chloroacetylaion to N-terminal of Asp, and then convert this compound to GD dipeptide by aminolysis. Followed the lipase -catalyzed peptide synthesis of RGD in aqueous water-miscible organic cosolvent is studied. We set up a new efficient reaction method to synthesize RGD tripeptide. The problem that peptide containing polar amino acid can not be synthesized readily in organic solvent was solved. We offer a new experimental proof for PPL-catalyzed peptide synthesis and make a more general analysis for the effect of some factors in theory.

采用氯乙酰基保护天冬氨酸，然后进行氨解生成GD二肽，利用猪胰脂肪酶催化合成RGD三肽，着重解决了亲水氨基酸/肽片段底物的溶解性与合成产率低的问题，建立了一种新的有效合成RGD三肽的反应模型，并探索解决了极性较强的氨基酸的酶促肽合成的问题，对脂肪酶催化合成肽的影响因素从理论上作了较全面的分析，为肽片段的缩合反应提供了一种新思路。

The Knoevenagel condensation reactions between aromatic and α,β-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid can effectively be performed in ionic liquid without additional acid or base catalyst, it is a simple efficient method for the synthesis of benzylidene barbituric acids, which have been widely used in pharmaceutical chemistry as well as in organic synthesis.

芳醛、α，β-不饱和芳醛和巴比妥酸间的Knoevenagel缩合反应能在离子液体中没有酸碱催化剂的条件下顺利进行，是合成在药物化学和有机合成中有广泛用途的苯亚甲基巴比妥酸类化合物的简单有效的方法。

In the forth part of the dissertation, based on the mechanism of classical Strecker reaction,we developeda new method for the asymmetric synthesis of the α,α-disubstituted amino acid, and applied it to theasymmetric synthesis of-αM4CPG, compound 11a and 11b.

在本论文的第四部分，我们从深入分析经典的Strecker反应入手，发展了一条新的以酮为原料出发的立体选择性地合成α，α-双取代的光学纯的氨基酸的方法，并且利用该方法立体选择性地合成了化合物-αM4CPG，11a和11b。

Based on predecessors research findings, the quality of different kinds of research techniques are compared and induced. Concerned with using graph to type and scale synthesis, topological graph based upon functional fractionation is presented, the combination, evolution and inversion regularities of epicyclic gear trains are researched in detail. The synthesis problems of general and overlapping EGTs are solved. The method may be applied into the innovation design of EGTs.

本文在前人的研究成果的基础上，比较归纳各种研究方法的优劣，考虑到将图应用于型综合和尺度综合两方面，提出基于功能离散法的拓扑图，深入研究周转轮系组合、演化、反演等规律，解决了一般和重叠式周转轮系的综合问题，可应用于周转轮系的创新设计。

Using ethyne as source gas, CNTs were successfully synthesized by CVD method. By comparing different synthesis technics, the influences of parameter to the grow of CNTs, such as catalysts, growth time, reaction temperature and ratio of all kinds of carrier gases were investigated. The results showed that the influence of carrier gas, reaction temperature, and the growth time on synthesis of CNTs was significant. In conclusion, a better condition for carbon nanotube growth was obtained. Through analyzing Raman Spectrum of samples, GM and SWNTs' characteristic peak-RBM was indicated.

采用乙炔为碳源、氢气和氩气为载气，利用气相催化热解法在AAO模板上成功的制备出了纳米碳管，用TEM，SEM，EDS，Raman等表征方法研究了生长温度、裂解时间、载气含量和不同催化剂对碳纳米管的石墨化程度、产物形态的影响，指出了单壁碳纳米管的特征振动模式—径向呼吸振动模以及拉伸振动模式G模，缺陷导致的D模，并采用蒸金后的样品进行了场发射的测试，得到了F-N曲线，与理论符合较好。

Comparing with the traditional way of stronger sulfuric acid ,The catalyst has its advantage of more effective on the synthesis,the operation is more safer, does not corrode the equipments and does not pollute the environment,and the recovering operation is simple. So it can be called a green method on synthesis of isobutyl acetate.

该催化剂与传统浓硫酸法相比，催化效果更好，作更安全，对设备无腐蚀，对环境无污染，实现了催化剂的重复利用，并且回收作简单，重复利用率高产率好，达到绿色合成乙酸异丁酯的目的。

In order to reduce the non-specific binding between oligonucleotides and bases mutation caused by the complicate secondary structure of DNA and excessive PCR amplification, a frequently phenomenon in one-step gene synthesis, we used a two-step method including assembly PCR and digestion-ligation step to synthesis Aspergillus niger lipase gene lipA.

本研究主要针对一步法长片段基因合成中复杂结构的非特异性配对和过多的PCR引入碱基错配等问题，采用二步法(组装PCR和酶切-酶连)合成了黑曲霉脂肪酶基因lipA。

Moreover, seven ruthenium phenanthroline derivatives were also synthesized. The synthesis of Ru3Cl2 and Ru2AqphenCl2 have not yet been reported, and a new and effective method for the synthesis of Ru32 was also investigated.

本文第二章主要内容是以邻菲咯啉为原料，合成四种刚性结构强的邻菲咯啉衍生物：二吡啶基吩嗪，四吡啶基吩嗪， 10.11-1.4-萘酮－2，3；2'，3'－二吡啶基吩嗪，对羟基苯基并[4，5]-邻菲咯啉。

Both Fas and NO can lead chondrocyte apoptosis respectively and cause articular cartilage destruction. IGF-Ⅰ, TGF-β, bFGF, BMP and other growth factors are polypeptide agents that can influence cell activity by signal convection. They can accelerate chondrocyte proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis, play the local regulation action on formation and plerosis of bone and cartilage tissue by autocrine or paracrine. They have the ability to induce cartilage formation. Some investigations showed that growth factors can influence chondrocyte metabolism, synthesis of specific Ⅱ type collagen and proteoglycan by co-operation and inhibition. 1. 3 Situation of OA therapeutics The therapeutic methods of OA mainly comprised non-drug treatment, drug treatment, operation treatment, tissue and genetic engineering, et al. Drug treatment is the chief method among them.

若其活性发生改变，则将导致关节软骨基质成分的丢失和进行性破坏；软骨细胞凋亡与OA的发病密切相关，Fas与NO可各自独立介导软骨细胞凋亡，造成关节软骨破坏；IGF-Ⅰ、TGF-β、bFGF、BMP等生长因子是一组通过细胞间信号传递影响细胞活动的多肽因子，具有促进细胞生长、增殖与合成等作用，可通过自分泌或旁分泌方式对骨和软骨的形成和修复起局部调节作用，可促进软骨细胞增殖、分化与蛋白多糖的合成，具有较强的诱导软骨形成的能力，研究表明多种生长因子相互促进、相互抑制，以协同或拮抗方式影响软骨细胞代谢，影响软骨细胞特异性Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖的合成分泌。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失