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In this paper, syllable-based prosody modelings of pitch contour and syllable duration for isolated Mandarin words are proposed.

在本文中，我们对中文单词提出了以音节为基本单位的基频轨迹及音节长度的韵律模型。

T"、 come under ts, ts", s, front—rhonchus vowels and back—rhonchus vowels incorporate, becoming nasal vowels, and so onAbout grammar,the article chiefly describes word-building and word classes, which embody the characters of Ying County dialect"s grammar.word-building includes: the divided-syllable words and the combined -syllable words, superposition、 the suffix of "Er"、 the suffix of "zi、 affix.

t'、归入舌尖前音ts、ts'、s，前鼻音韵母和后鼻音韵母合流为鼻化韵等。语法方面，本文主要描写了最能体现应县方言语法特点的构词法和词类。应县方言构词法主要有：分音词与合音词、重叠、儿化、"子"尾、附加法。其中，附加法描写分析了应县方言的一些特殊构词词缀，如"货"、"猴"、"鬼"、"圪"、"忽"、"达"等。

In accordance with chaotic essence of speech signals , syllable segmentation in continuous speech is researched by fractal theory . an approach of syllable segmentation using variance fractal dimension is proposed , its performance is analyzed in detail . the method can discriminate between voiced and unvoiced , between surd and sonant , but it can hardly discriminate between sonant

本文根据语音信号的混沌本质，利用分形理论研究了汉语连续语音中的音节分割问题，提出了基于方差分形维数的音节分割方法，并详细分析了该方法的性能，它能很好地解决了无声与有声、浊音与清音间的分割问题，但很难解决浊音间的分割问题，当浊音相连且过渡段较短时，该方法无法实现它们之间的分割。

Core syllable : in accordance with the sonority theory, a syllable is associated with a single peak in sonority.

核心音节：根据响度理论，一个音节在响度上只与一个单一的突出峰相联系。

In the early days, spelling was taught by reading a word aloud from the speller letter by letter and syllable by syllable:"o, r-or; d, I-di, n, a-na; r, y-ry; ordinary."

早期在拼写法的时候，都是按照拼写课本每个字母，逐个音节地高声朗读，如"o， r-or； d， I-di， n， a-na； r， y-ry；连起来念ordinary"。

A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented or of one long syllable followed by two short, as in flattery.

扬抑抑格诗韵的韵脚，由一个重音节紧接两个非重音节或一个长音节接两个短音节组成，如在flattery中

The call developmental process of Psittacula agapornis consists of five instinct phases according to its call character. In the first phase （congenital cal1 phase, CCP, 0~12 day of age）, the juveniles only produce single syllable with short syllable length. The second phase（blank-model-forming phase,BMFP, 13~30 day of age） is important for formation of vocal learning pathways. During this phase, the calls characterized by more and longer syllables. In the third phase （call-model-forming phase,CMFP, 31~45 day of age）, the call development is guided by a model system for vocal learning, vocal learning is engendered so that some calls with multi-syllables with UP1 are produced, principal frequency has increased about by 920 cent, the number of note is double that of second phase. The short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories in the forth phase （call-feedback-learning phase,CFLP, 46~90 day of age）. The call of juveniles is a close match to tutor call which accompanied by double various sounds with BS and UP1, and more resonance components were formed. Second principal frequency has increased about by 970 cent, the number of note increases by 2.6~3.0 times. During the fifth phase （excellent call phase,ECP, after 91 d）, vocal motor pathway is developed and the calls are accompanied with most stable, harmonious vari-tone and complex repertoire.

牡丹鹦鹉的鸣声发育分为5个时期。0~12 d为先天性鸣声期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的单音节单音调声，声长短。13~30 d为空白模板形成期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的多音节单音调声，声长和音量显著性增加，表明发声学习通路开始形成。31~45 d为鸣声模板形成期，鸣声特征为以第1陪音（UP1）为主音的多音节单变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频提升约920音分，涵盖的律音数增加1倍，表明发声学习模板逐渐形成，发声学习开始。46~90 d为鸣声反馈学习期，鸣声特征为以BS和UP1为主音的双变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频涵盖的律音数增加2.6~3.0倍，第2主音频提升约970音分，表明稳定模板逐渐形成，短期记忆逐渐向长期记忆转化。91 d后为完美鸣声期，鸣声特征为以UP1为主音的复合变音调声，声长、音量、主音频的提升和涵盖的律音数都趋于平稳，鸣声稳定而和谐，表明发声运动通路基本形成。

And then did we, the seven, start from our seats in horror, and stand trembling, and shuddering, and aghast, for the tones in the voice of the shadow were not the tones of any one being, but of a multitude of beings, and, varying in their cadences from syllable to syllable fell duskly upon our ears in the well-remembered and familiar accents of many thousand departed friends.

这下就把我们七个人都吓得从文化合作上一跃而起，一个个战战兢兢直打哆嗦；因为那影子的声音所包含的不是一个的声调，而是许许多多人的声调，它说话时每发出一个音节就变换一种声调，这些声调阴沉沉地钻进我们的耳朵，使我们回忆起成千上万死去的朋友们那熟悉的口音。

Chapter five looks at the mutation in language stream with contemporary philologic theories. The characteristics of mutation in changshan dialect are supposed to be show by tone changing , light syllable, r-suffixation, z-suffixation,etc.我每is possibly the r-suffixation of women我们;Some final varied pattern of suffix子is actually r-suffixation;Changshan dialect"s light syllable lies in every level of language and it has multifold forms; There is rich tone change of verbs which can present certain grammatical meanings in Changshan"s dialect.

第五章动态的描写了长山方言中的语流音变，利用当代语音、语法、语义理论从轻声变调、语法变调、小称变韵、子变韵等几个方面考察长山方言语流音变的特点，认为&我每&有可能是&我们&的小称形式；以闻喜方言为代表的&子变韵&并不是&子&音转变而来，而是&儿化&的一种形式；长山方言的轻声变调存在于词汇、短语、句子等多个语言层面，有三种表现形式；轻声助词&了&、&着&、&到&省略后，会引起前面动词的语法变调，等等。

Investigations are conducted in the 2nd chapter into examples reasons the co-ordinate double-syllable attributive adjectives can be reduplicated into the construction of AABB. It is found that , on the static lever, it is probable for those double-syllable attributive adjectives, which are semantic-concrete, degree-hidden and colloquial, to be reduplicated while, on the dynamic level, such restrictions can be ignored.

第二章探讨了并列式双音节性质形容词可重叠为AABB式的理据，在静态平面上，语义具体、程度量隐匿、口语化强的双音节性质形容词重叠的可能性较大，但在动态平面上，有时可以超越这些限制。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。