查询词典 surface

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

This paper discusses the theory method calculating surface temperature of ballistic target above aerosphere, and analyses the effect of dimensional orientation of target s flight gesture and sun radiation direction on its surface temperature.

论述了大气层外弹道式目标表面温度的计算方法，对某弹道式目标大气层外飞行过程中当太阳辐射方向改变时其表面温度的变化情况进行了数值计算，分析了目标飞行姿态与太阳辐射方向之间空间方位关系的变化对目标表面温度的影响。

In Brunn-Minkowski-Firey theory, we establish two extremum properties of the new ellipsoid; Then we generalize Petty\'s affine projection inequality and monotonicity results related to affine surface area to L_p—affine surface area; We establish the Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for the volume of the L_p centroid body and its polar body with respect to the normalized L_p radial addition. At last, we introduce the minimal L_p—mean width of a convex body and generalize the minimal mean width to the Brunn-Minkowski-Firey theory.

在L_p-Brunn-Minkowski理论中，我们首先给出了两个关于新椭球的极值性质；然后研究了L_p仿射表面积，将Petty仿射投影不等式和Winterniz单调性问题推广到L_p仿射表面积；建立了L_p质心体和其极体的Brunn-Minkowski型不等式；研究了凸体的最小L_p平均宽度，给(来源：3bABbeC论文网www.abclunwen.com)出凸体K具有最小L_p平均宽度的充分必要条件，最后给出了凸体L_p平均宽度位置的稳定性。

Convex body; star body; polar body; inequality; extremum; i—th width integral of convex body; mixed width-integral of convex bodies; mixed chord-integrals of star bodies; affine surface area; mixed affine surface area; mixed projection body; mixed body; L_p-projection body; L_p-centroid body

基础科学，数学，几何、拓扑凸体；星体；极体；不等式；极值；凸体i-次宽度积分；凸体混合宽度积分；星体混合弦长积分；仿射表面积；混合仿射表面积；混合投影体；混合体； L_p-投影体； L_p-质心体

To a certain extent, the effects of surface functional groups, especially oxygen functional groups, on adsorption properties were reviewed by changing of surface chemistry structure with the aid of different post treatments.

结合ACF后处理的结构变化以及吸附性能的改变，在一定程度上研究了表面基团特别是氧表面官能团对吸附性能的影响。

The red of Aldebaran is typical of the lower surface temperature of an older star, whereas the blue of the Pleiades reveals their high surface temperature and young age.

毕宿五的红色是典型的表面温度低的老年星，而昴宿星团的蓝色则表明他的年轻和很高的表面温度。

Since July, missile testing has been halted in Syria after a surface-to-surface missile exploded at a military complex near the northern City of Aleppo during a joint ...

今年七月以来，导弹试验已经停止在叙利亚后，地对地飞弹爆炸，在一个复杂的军事附近的北部城市阿勒颇在一项联合

Regularity is an important algebraic property of parametric curve and surface, which depends on the parameterization of parametric curve and surface.

正则性是参数曲线曲面的重要代数性质，是由参数曲线曲面的参数化决定的。

In the four section, from the interpolationdimension of an algebraic curve and an algebraic surface,using theoryand method of algebraic geometry, we get some interpolation of analgebraic curve and an algebraic surface, and we prove the reasonableof the interpolation dimension of an algebraic curve and an algebraicsurface.

第四章我们从沿代数曲线曲面空间的插值维数出发，利用代数几何理论与方法，给出了代数曲线曲面上的基本插值结构，并证明了我们长期应用的其上的插值维数公式的合理性。

The process of converting the algebraic surface into the parametric surface is called parametrization , which has received much attention in recent years.

这种方法首先解决了基线扫描参数化方法中不能得到有理参数表达式的问题，给出了混合曲面的统一、低次的有理参数化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。