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According to the case of billet heating in a regenerative type heating furnace, the temperature distributing of billet about upper surface, undersurface and center surface in length and width is studied by computational fluid dynamicsin this article, and the questions of billet such as different temperature of upper surface and undersurface, the higher temperature of foursquare margin and the lower temperature of tapping orifice are put forward.

中文摘要：借助CFD仿真手段，模拟蓄热式加热炉内钢坯加热的实际状况，研究了钢坯长度、宽度方向上下表面和中心温度的温度分布，提出钢坯存在上下温差、四角边缘温度高和靠近出钢口钢坯温度低等问题。

The thickness of the ice cover on the wall surface heat transfer is greater than the thickness of it on the air heat transfer form. The thickness of the ice cover on the wall surface heat transfer along the way changes slowly, but it on the air heat transfer along the way changes significantly. Reducing the entrance velocity, lowering the wall surface or air temperature, the formation of the thickness of the ice cover will increase; in the 3D circumstances, The thickness of the ice cover was relatively uniform in the import of the U-turn model, the ice cover was gradual accumulation in the convex bank when the stream traversed the import of the U-turn model, the thickness of the ice cover in the convex bank was significantly bigger than the thickness in the concave bank. The temperature field under the ice cover tends to be complex because of the existence of the secondary flows. The temperature in the convex bank is greater than it in the concave bank. Compared with the data from experiments, the laws in the numerical simulation are similar with them in the experiments

模拟结果显示：二维情况下，运用壁面传热形成的冰盖厚度大于运用空气传热形成的冰盖厚度，壁面传热形成的冰盖厚度沿程变化缓慢，而空气传热形成的冰盖厚度沿程变化明显，减小入口流速，降低壁面或空气温度等，形成冰盖的厚度都会增大；三维情况下，弯道入口处凸、凹岸形成的冰盖厚度基本相同，进入弯道后，凸岸形成的冰盖厚度逐渐增大，而凹岸的冰盖厚度逐渐减小，受横向环流的影响，冰盖下水流的温度场趋向复杂，并且凸岸的温度小于凹岸的温度；与实验室实验所得数据相比较，数值模拟研究得到的规律基本符合实验规律。

It is shown that polystyrene has been grafted on the surface of nmSiO2 particles and the grafting ratio is about 40%. The surface of nmSiO2 could be treated effectively by KH570in absolute ethanol at 25℃, 48h. The nmSiO2-g-PSt unpurified by toluene appear microsphere in which nmSiO2 particles are contained, whereas the purified one appear internet formed by many pieces. The grafting ratio of PSt on nmSiO2 surface could be influenced obviously by dispersion agents content and agitation speed, whereas the morphology of nmSiO2-g-PSt purified is rarely changed.

结果表明：常温下在无水乙醇介质中处理48h以上可获得良好的硅烷处理效果；PSt已接枝包覆于nmSiO2表面，接枝率约40%；经甲苯洗涤前nmSiO2-g-PSt呈多粒子包覆微球状，洗涤后呈单粒子包覆网状结构；分散剂用量、搅拌速度改变对接枝率有影响，但对包覆形态影响不大。

Protect your Cell Phone's LCD screen against dust and scratches and eliminate glare Designed for perfect fit with the LCD screen Offers tough, durable, transparent surface while keeping the LCD screen clean and unscratched Attaches smoothly with self-adhering surface; leaves no residue when removed Features 99% UV Protection: Reduces eye strain caused by the LCD screen Anti-Scratch Film: thickest and most durable 99% Transparent: unmatched clarity Washable and Reusable: Never need to buy another screen protector again Silicone Adhesive Coating: No glue residue when removed Ultra Smooth Surface: Enhance the experience and utilization of touch screen and stylus features Includes Reusable Screen Protector Lint-free Cleaning Cloth Accessory ONLY.

保护您的手机的液晶显示屏对灰尘和划痕，消除眩光专为完美配合液晶屏幕提供坚韧，耐久，透明的表面，同时保持液晶屏幕清洁和刮痕使节顺利与自我坚持表面；留下任何残留物时，删除功能99％紫外线防护：减少眼睛疲劳引起的液晶屏幕防划伤薄膜：最厚，最持久的99％，透明：无与伦比的清晰可清洗和重复使用：永远不需要再购买另一屏幕保护有机矽粘合剂涂料：无残留胶时取消超光滑表面：加强经验和利用触摸屏和手写笔功能，包括可重复使用的屏幕保护林特免费清洁布配件只。

At present,the rate laws and reaction mechanisms of pyrite oxidation,pyrite and chalcopyrite formation,uraninite and magnetite dissolution in aqueous solutions are mainly studied,and it is discovered that (1)oxidation rate of pyrite controlled by surface reaction assume fractional dependence on Fe3+ and O2 molalities in acid solutions;(2)Pyrite cannot nucleate directly from solutions below 300 ℃,it can only form initially through sulfidation of a FeS precursor. The rate equation of reaction between FeS and H2S to form pyrite is of the second order;(3)Chalcopyrite is formed by reactions of pyrrhotite or pyrite with Cu2+,the former proceeds via a series of mediate metastable phases of Cu-Fe sulfide,whereas the rate equation of the latter is apparently of the first order which is controlled by surface reaction;(4)The nonlinear behavior of magnetite dissolution at acid pH can be represented by a shrinking core model coupling with surface reaction and diffusion transport.

目前主要研究了水溶液中黄铁矿氧化、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成、晶质铀矿和磁铁矿溶解的速率定律和反应机理，发现：(1)酸性溶液中黄铁矿的氧化速率对Fe3+和O2浓度呈分数依赖并受表面反应的控制；(2)低于300 ℃时黄铁矿不能从溶液中直接成核，而需初始地通过FeS先驱物的硫化生成，FeS与H2S反应形成黄铁矿的速率方程为二级；(3)磁黄铁矿或黄铁矿与Cu2+反应均可形成黄铜矿，前者经历了一系列准稳的Cu-Fe硫化物的中间物，后者的速率方程为表观一级并受表面反应的控制；(4)酸性pH时磁铁矿的非线性溶解行为可采用表面反应扩散输运耦合的收缩核模型来描述。

Surface roughness and geometry topography have very obvious difference between ordinary and ultraprecision grindings. Surface roughness of ultrapreciscon grinding will decrease with abrasive size and grinding depth decrease, surface veining owing to plastic deformation is very clear.

超精密磨削和普通磨削的表面粗糙度和几何形貌存在明显的差异，超精密磨削的表面粗糙度随着金刚石砂轮磨粒尺寸和磨削深度的减小而减小，表面由于塑性变形形成的纹理比较明显。

Surface tension small polyalkene of printer materials and surface tension large polyalkene of printer materials, the adoption of a business card printing and membership card when making ink for surface treatment, the former to select a small viscosimetry envirogluvtm, which on the contrary.

表面张力小的聚烯烃承印材料与表面张力大的聚烯烃承印材料，在采用制卡和会员卡制作油墨时，需进行表面处理外，一般前者要选择粘度小的油墨，而后者则相反。

Use: suit for polishing different mirror surface of dishware of stainless steel, watchcase, and steel pipe. The mirror surface effect can be finished after polishing the disfigurement of oxidation layer on the metal material surface.

用途：適合不锈钢餐具、手表表壳和不锈钢管材等其他不锈钢工件的研磨及镜面抛光，除去不锈钢板材表面的氧化皮和缺陷，经研磨抛光后的表面可达到镜面的效果。

In the traditional founded surface metrology, the irregular roughness of surface topography falls into three scales, which were form, waviness and surface roughness respectively, according to their corresponding wavelength or frequency.

传统的表面计量学中，表面形貌的这种不规则的粗糙性被划分到三个尺度之中，分别为形状误差、波纹度和表面粗糙度。

For the complex road situation,Shanghai Municipal Engineering Institute linked the actual cases of tunnel,the common road surface concrete construction process was changed,to make road surface concrete leverl degree,rough degree and strength as well as wearproof all reached to the requirements of emergency repair,and finished 2,800m2 road surface repair work.

针对复杂路况，上海市市政工程研究所结合隧道的实际情况，改变一般路面混凝土的施工工艺，使路面混凝土的平整度、精糙度、强度及耐磨性均达到了应急抢修的要求，完成了2800平方米的路面抢修任务。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。