查询词典 surface

A VOF method was developed to simulate the burst of a axisymmetric buoyancy bubble near a free surface, the formation, rise and descent of a liquid column after the burst, and the whole course of the oscillation of the free surface occurring afterwards until the free surface tends to calm.

发展了一种VOF方法，用以模拟自由面近旁单个轴对称浮力气泡的破裂、破裂后液柱的形成、上升和下降、以及随后发生的液面振荡直至自由面趋于静止的全过程。

The main intention of this thesis is to study some fundamental surface phenomena with chemical and/or physical interests by scanning probe microscope, and to exploit the instruments themselves into the research of surface chemical process, especially surface photochemical process.

本论文的研究目的在于使用扫描探针显微镜研究表面上的基本化学和物理现象，同时探索扫描探针显微镜在表面化学过程，尤其是表面光化学过程中的应用，所涉及到的主要研究内容和结论如下

The work described in this thesis provides valuable information both for controlling the microstructure and tailoring the surface reactivity of CNF. It is evident that the reproducible and well-performed catalyst can be obtained based on a well fundamental understanding of the surface structure and surface reactivity of CNF.

通过本文的研究表明纳米碳纤维作为一种新型碳材料在催化领域的应用潜力，显示出纳米碳纤维微结构的控制和表面化学性质的调变都将对催化性能产生的影响，建立纳米碳纤维的催化性能与催化剂结构及其调变手段的关系是至关重要的。

Bezier and NURBS are chosen as the fundamental method to achieve surface reconstruction on the basis of fundamental theory of sculpture surface reconstruction. Then the fitting method of Bezier and NURBS surface reconstruction is given after the reconstruction algorism is discussed.

作者研究了复杂曲面重建的基本理论，选择Bézier和NURBS作为曲面重建的基本方法，同时对曲面重建的算法进行研究，给出Bézier和NURBS曲面拟合的不同方法，并对求交、拼接和光顺等方法进行了深入研究。

A systematic study on computing the integral curvature line on NURBS surface is presented. Discrete normal is used to simplify calculation of the second fundamental form of the surface, resulting in accelerating the Euler iteration process in solving the differential equation of curvature line. Discrete points on the curvature line are then obtained and approximated by an explicitly presented B-spline curve on the NURBS surface using singular mixed interpolation and capable of controlling the error within a given tolerance.

对NURBS曲面的曲率线的积分进行了系统的公式推导，并利用NURBS曲面的离散法向量有效地简化了曲面第二基本量的计算，加速了Euler法迭代求解曲率线微分方程的过程；在求得曲率线上的离散点集以后，应用奇异混合插值技术，在可控精度内把曲率线用显式直接表示为位于NURBS曲面上的B样条曲线。

G. biomimetic modification of biomaterials surface for improving cells affinity, carbohydrate cluster, glycolipid and protein modifying biomaterials surface in order to enhance cells specificity recognition, self2assembly of materials to modify surface topography1

基于生物材料对细胞生长的影响，本文提出了生物材料表面生物仿生化以提高细胞亲和力，糖链团簇、糖脂质及材料表面蛋白质修饰以提高细胞特异性识别，材料表面的自组装修饰以改善表面形态等观点。

Surface roughness was measured by a profilometer, SEM was used to characterize surface morphology, and a goniometer was used to evaluate the contact angle and surface energy of the PPy coating.

纯钛表面PPy电活性层的制备与理化性能表征采用水溶液恒电流原位电化学聚合法在纯钛表面制备PPy涂层。

Temperature difference between the center and the surface of hot rolled flat after rapid cooling results in heat transfer from the center to the surface, which causes the surface temperature rise in a short time.

热轧板带钢轧后冷却过程中，由于骤冷后表面与中心的温差导致轧件内部的热量传向表面，出现表面返红现象。

Chapter 2 establishes a helicoid model of the 3D curved shock surface, which is a fundamental means for investigating the sweep of the 3D shock surface In chapter 3, the first step is to make definitions and detail concepts about various viewpoints of shock surface sweep. Secondly, those sweep angles of the 3D shock are calculated. After that, with the aid of the helicoid model, two general structure similarity variables are derived which are independent of any model, and their importance in shock structure investigations is discussed.

第三章首先给出激波曲面掠的各种基本概念，计算相应掠角；又借助螺面模型得到一般性的掠相似参数，并分析了它在激波结构研究中的意义，设想了激波气动掠参数的测量方法；第四章依据螺面模型探讨了前缘曲线掠与前缘激波曲面掠的关系，可能存在的均匀激波曲面、简单非均匀激波曲面和它们的运动学设计方法，其中得到一些很有用的概念。

The effects of different factors on the laser-induced graft polymerization on the PET surface were analyzed, and the mechanisms were discussed. The factors were: 1 Monomers with smaller molecules resulted in better modification than polymeric monomers. Acrylamide monomer was chosen as hydrophilic modifier finally; 2 Higher concentration of the monomer solution favored the graft reaction; 3 With the increasing laser fluence, the surface hydrophilicity of PET films increased at first, then decreased. More laser pulses led to a more hydrophilic surface; 4 Benzophenone as a photosensitizer hindered the graft polymerization; 5 The homopolymer retardant of ammonium iron sulfate hexahydrate in a proper concentration retarded the formation of homopolymers and promotes the graft copolymerization; 6 The solvent of monomer solution also affected the graft reaction. Different solvents functioned in different ways. Ethanol can promote the graft reaction because of the activity of hydrogen in its structure; 7 pH value of the monomer solution affects the polymerization rate, and a lower pH value was favorable to the graft reaction.

这些影响因素的作用分别为：1小分子单体的表面改性效果好，确定以丙烯酰胺为亲水性改性单体；2较高的单体溶液浓度有利于接枝反应；3激光能量密度增大，薄膜表面亲水性先显著增强，后又减弱；激光脉冲次数越多，改性后表面亲水性越强；4光敏剂BP对PET表面接枝聚合反应有阻碍作用；5适当浓度的均聚物抑制剂六水合硫酸铁铵能减少单体均聚物的生成，促进接枝聚合；6单体溶液的溶剂也影响接枝聚合的反应进程，不同溶剂的影响作用原理不同，含较活泼氢的乙醇能促进接枝反应；7溶液pH值影响单体聚合速率，pH值较低有利于接枝反应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。