查询词典 surface of the soil

Damage function is introduced in elastic and plastic modulus expression of the bounding surface formulation directly; then a bounding surface damage model for structural soft soil is developed; the complication induced by introducing damage parameter into the bounding surface equation is avoided and its numerical implementation is easy for the analysis of earth structures.

在边界面理论的弹塑性模量中直接引入损伤函数，建立结构性软土的边界面损伤模型，避免了在边界面方程中引入损伤变量带来的复杂性，易于在土工数值分析时采用。

The result indicated that: land leveling in chernozem area should be based on the actual mode of production and soil characteristics to amend the local topographic surface; water conservancy works of farmland should adopt sprinkler irrigation system to save water; field road design requires to be based on field conditions in order to maximize conservation of the farmland; creating a shelter to mitigate the harmful wind, focusing on raising soil fertility, and changing tillage methods to improve soil.

研究结果：黑钙土地区土地平整应依据实际生产方式与土壤特性采取修改局部地形面方法；农田水利设施需采用喷灌系统进行节水灌溉；田间道路设计须根据实地条件与生产方式最大限度节约耕地；营造防护林以减缓有害风；注重培肥地力、改变耕作方式以改良土壤。

Considering the difference of runoff characteristics on different underlying surface in the area of plain tidal river network, four kinds of surface is divided,namely, waters paddy field-, dry land and central urbanized area,and suitable method is adopted separately in each surface to simulate runoff process. Xinanjiang Model usually applicable for mountain areas is introduced to river network area, furthermore, the paper researches runoff calculation of central urbanized area, the underlying surface is divided into pervious and imperviousness areas.In perviousness areas, Hoton Infiltration formula and corresponding spatial infiltration rate curve are used to establish the relationship between infiltration rate and soil moisture in order to decide the infiltration. According to practical situation.

根据平原河网区城市下垫面产汇流方式的不同，分成水面、水田、旱地、城镇四类，分别采用相对应的产流汇流计算方法，将适用于山丘区的新安江模型引入到平原河网区城市，同时对于城镇这类下垫面，从下渗角度考虑，划分成透水和不透水两种类型，根据霍顿下渗公式和下渗率空间分布曲线，建立下渗率和土壤含水量的关系，进而研制出城镇透水面的产流计算方法，城镇汇流根据实际情况可结合城市管道排水计算。

Chang'e-I is expected to fulfil four scientific objectives, including a three-dimensional survey of the Moon's surface, analysis of the abundance and distribution of elements on lunar surface, an investigation of the characteristics of lunar regolith and the powdery soil layer on the surface, and an exploration of the circumstance between the earth and the moon.

嫦娥预计完成四大科学目标，其中包括一个三维的调查研究月球的表面，并分析了丰度和元素分布对月球表面进行，调查结果的特点，月球regolith和粉状土壤层对地表，并探索的情况下，与地球和月亮。

Result After the ground-source heat pump system ran continuously for a period of time, the temperature field in the range with the semidiameter of 0.8 m around the underground pipeline showed intensive changes. The changes of the temperature field in the area outside this region became smaller till it was close to the original temperature of soil. The original temperature field in the soil of shallow ground surface showed an exponential correlation with the depth. When the depth reached to certain extent, the soil basically maintained the constant-temperature state and it was 1~2 ℃ higher than the annual average temperature.

结果］地源热泵系统连续运行一段时间后，地埋管周围半径为0.8m的范围内温度场会呈现强烈的变化，该区域以外的地方温度变化越来越小，直至接近于土壤的原始温度；浅层地表土壤原始温度场分布与深度呈指数关系，当深度达到一定程度后，土壤基本上维持恒温状态，比当地年平均气温高1~2℃。

The total charge volume,surface potential,surface charge density and electric field strength on surface of soil were determined.

并且，已有研究者[4]应用此方法对恒电荷的三种紫色土表面

The paper focuses on the tetraploidy black locust on Loess plaeatu of West Shanxi province, applys steady state promoter method and image processing technology to study the days transpiration water consumption in different weather ,different seasons and different site conditions,has primary analysis on the impact of environment on the transpiration and carries on the calculation to the tetraploidy locust tree by the single leaf water consumption to the single tree water consumption in CaiJiachuan watershed; Uses fast weighing method to measure and analyze the transpiration water consumption of five different herbs under the tetraploidy black locust forest (Capillary Wormwood,Vanilla,Agropyron Sristatum , Common Sowthistle and Medicago Sativa) in short time, in the same and different growcrop,and calculates the average transpiration water consumption per square metres ;the soil colome weighing method was used for determining diumal variation quantity of soil moisture evaporation, analyzing the dynamic variation and caculating the total quantity of soil evaporation water consumption from May to August ; then 5 kind of suppositions about the types of surface vegetation coverage are proposed in experimented site and the total evapotranspiration water consumption are calculated under 5 suppoitions ,aim at providing preliminary theoretic basis for ascertaining the transpiration water consumption of tetraploidy black locust forest,controling standing forest density and optimizing the forest grass deploy on loess plaeatu of west Shanxi province .

本文以两种不同立地条件下的四倍体刺槐林为研究对象，采用了气孔计法对蔡家川流域生长季内不同天气状况下(典型晴天、阴天和半阴天)四倍体刺槐日蒸腾耗水规律、不同季节(生长季初期、中期和末期)的蒸腾耗水规律、两种不同立地条件下四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水比较以及影响四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水的环境因子进行初步研究分析，并对四倍体刺槐由单叶耗水量向单株耗水量进行推算；采用经典快速连续称重法对四倍体刺槐林地生长的主要5种草本植物(白蒿、香青兰、冰草、苦苣和苜蓿)短时段内蒸腾耗水规律、不同生长季内蒸腾耗水规律、同一生长季不同种类草本植物蒸腾耗水量进行了比较分析，并且采用面积与重量比的方法推算出了单位面积四倍体刺槐林地几种主要草本植物平均蒸腾耗水量：采用土柱称重法测定了5月份～8月份土壤水分蒸发昼夜变化量、对试验期内土壤蒸发量动态变化作了分析、推算出了试验地5月份～8月份土壤蒸发耗水总量；对试验地地表植被覆盖类型提出了5种假设，推算出5种假设的情景下蒸散耗水总量，旨在为晋西黄土区四倍体刺槐林蒸腾耗水量的确定、林分密度调控以及林草优化配置等提供初步的理论依据。

The thesis toke problem of deformation and destroying of the earth mass as it's invention, integrated the earth mass's existing environment, ingredients and macrostructure, discovered mechanism of deforming and destroying, made clear the relationships between those.Through outdoors samples, indoors examination surface wave testing and audio wave testing ,do some research on physical, mechanical, chemical, disintegrative and dynamics property of stuff of earth mass and proposed four kinds of earth mass's stuff formed type;under the guidance of theory of dominant structural surface and adopting precision measurement of structural surface, proposed three dominant kinds of structural surface assembling;based on those , proposed four types of earth mass's deformation and destroying, carried out rationed estimation of stability on four types, then definite the characters of deforming and destroying and controlled relation between environment , stuff, macrostructure and deformation and destroying of mass earth, and breakthrough ordinary principle about soil's deformation and destroying, further proofed the theory of earth mass cybernetics's popularization

本学位论文针对台地危险土体的变形破坏问题，将土体的赋存环境、土体物质组成和土体宏观结构的研究紧密地结合，阐明了土体变形破坏的机制，明晰了土体变形破坏与土体的赋存环境、土体材料组成、土体宏观结构三要素之间的关系，并从土体的物质组成的角度，以野外取样、室内实验、现场面波、声波无损伤测试为手段，研究了土体物质的物理、力学、化学、矿物、崩解性、动力学性质，提出了研究区内土体物质成分的四种组合形式；以优势结构面理论为指导，以结构面的精确测绘为手段，通过统计、归纳与分析，提出三种有利于台地危险土体变形破坏的优势组合形式；据此提出了具有广泛代表意义的台地危险土体变形破坏的四种模式，并对其进行稳定性评价，从而明确了危险土体的宏观结构对变形破坏的控制作用，映证了土体结构控制论。

The order spatial variation of soil surface compaction was in the land reclaimed five years(68.40%), next was unsubsided land(52.58%) and the lowest was the land being reclaimed(22.01%); in terms of the variation, the soil compaction is higher and the variation is lower to each soil layer of being reclaimed land, and the compaction of the first three layer is lower but the variation is higher to other redamed land, to the fourth layer(22.86～30.48 cm) is higher and variation is lower, and the compaction under the forth layer is nearly stable.

表层土壤压实度空间变异最大的是复垦5 a的土地（变异系数为68.40%），其次是未塌陷土地（52.58%），最小的是正在复垦的土地（22.01%）。从各层的变异情况看，正在复垦的土地各个层次土壤压实度都较大且变异系数较低，其他复垦年限土壤压实度上面3层较小但变异大，至第4层（22.86～30.48 cm）达到较高值，且变异较小，之下压实度基本稳定。

Based on the second national soil survey of China, the fractal dimension of soil particles in the surface layers of 36 typical profiles of black soil was calculated.

基于第二次全国土壤普查结果，应用土壤颗粒的质量分布计算了36个典型剖面表层土壤颗粒的分形维数值。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失