查询词典 surface of the soil

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

There are also specially formulated products on the market that can be applied to the surface of the soil when you are planting seeds that will help stop damping-off from developing.

也有特殊配方的产品，在市场上可用于土壤表面的时候，你是播种，这将有助于阻止猝倒病的发展。

Laterite A hard crust that may form on the surface of the SOIL in tropical regions with alternating wet and dry seasons.

红土：在热带地区，土壤表面由于干湿交替而行成的具有坚硬外壳的一种土壤。

It is assumed that potential sliding surface of the soil in the back of the retaining wall is composed of logarithmic spiral arc and line.

假定挡土墙后土体潜在滑裂面由对数螺线滑动面和平面组合而成，根据挡土墙后土体薄层单元的平衡条件推导出粘性土层主动土压力的计算公式。

This paper makes the soil movement be four sections: a Cutting soil with edge; bThe soil movement along the plowshare and plow chest's below surface; c The soil movement along the plow cliff ;dThe soil movement beyond the plow in the course of farming in order to study the force of moldboard plow surface.

本文在研究犁体曲面受力时，把犁耕时土垡的运动分为四个阶段：a 用铧刃切开土垡；b 土垡沿犁铧和犁胸下部曲面运动；c 土垡沿犁壁运动；d 土壤超出犁壁曲面运动。

Cultivators are used to open the surface of the soil.

修炼用来打开表面土壤。

During the process of filling, the water heads of all piezometers are higher than the surface of the soil. Moreover, the deeper the piezometer is ebedded, the higher the piezometric head will be.

饱和粉土和黏性土在填筑过程中，底板所受浮力极大，并可能超过被其排开的饱和土的重量，且测压管水头在填筑过程中均超过填土面高度，埋置越深的测压管水头越高。

If it is sandier, it will be harder for the bottoms of the roots to get as much water, as it will not soak through, but will stay on the surface of the soil.

如果是桑迪耶，这将是更难底部的根源，以获得多水，因为它会不会浸泡通过，但将留在表面的土壤。

The small seeds can be scattered on the surface of the soil, either in a seed tray or bed.

小种子可以散布在地面的土壤，无论是在种子托盘或床上。

Octahedral peak, with an area of about 16 million square kilometers, east-west mountain lanes, from Archaean gneiss composition, the surface of the soil for grass and cinnamon brown earth soil.

八面峰，面积约16万平方公里，山体呈东西走向，由太古界片麻岩构成，表面土壤多为草棕壤和褐土性土。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失