查询词典 surface in contact

Another approach in enhancing the light extraction efficiency of AlGaInP LED was accomplished using a surface roughening process. In this process, the Au(170 nm)/AuBe(260 nm)/Au(170 nm) ohmic contact layers were first deposited on the GaP window layer. After the alloy annealing process (480°C for 10 min), the Be atoms will diffuse into the GaP top layer and form non-uniform clusters. The LED samples were then immersed into a mixture 3H3PO4:1H2O2:1H2O solution for 6 min, resulting in a rough GaP surface. The luminous intensity of the AlGaInP LED can increase from 42 to 50 mcd, that is, an 18% enhancement can be achieved via the present non-photolithography surface roughening process.Keywords: LED, AlGaInP, Cu substrate, Reflector, Surface roughening

在实验的第二部份是开发磷化镓窗口层之粗化制程，我们是藉由正面金/铍欧姆接触电极之熔合制程，使铍扩散至磷化镓层，同时利用铍渗入磷化镓造成之特殊组成，可形成不均匀之蚀刻阻挡，而在磷化镓表面形成粗化，我们发现480℃、10分钟的熔合制程，加上浸泡磷化镓蚀刻溶液6分钟，可将四元发光二极体之发光亮度由42 mcd 提升到50 mcd，经由此无光罩粗化制程可将亮度提升18%，明显提升磷化铝铟镓发光二极体之外部量子效率。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

In chapter six, A finite element model to evaluate the mechanics properties of thin wall structure is put forwards. The 4-node quadrilateral Hughes-Liu shell element with five through-the-thickness integration points is employed. The material is assumed to satisfy the elastic-plastic yield condition with isotropic hardening. The single surface contact algorithm is taken to deal with the contact searching. The priori stabilization procedures for the numerical control of the hourglass instability and the penalty method for the evaluation of contact force are used. The classical Coulomb law of friction is employed to evaluate the friction force.

第六章采用法向方向5点积分的4节点Hughes-Liu壳单元，前置参数法砂漏控制技术，等向强化弹塑性材料模型，分步增量应力回映方法，一体化接触搜寻算法，罚参数接触力计算方法及经典摩擦定律，建立了一种计算受冲薄壁结构大变形力学特性计算的有限元模型，通过对汽车A传动轴及汽车纵向方形吸能梁的大变形力学特性分析，验证了该有限元模型的正确性。

The shapes of the melting solid surface may be concave, convex or plane, while the perimeter of plane contact regions may be rectangular, circular, elliptical, parabolic and arc curve. The types of relative motion reviewed here are the movement of a solid PCM melting inside a heated capsule, the movement of a hot body through a melting solid medium, slide contact and rolling contact. The contact melting may be caused by temperature difference, pressure difference, friction and viscous heating. Finally, the research regions in the future are summarized.

内容包括各种形式的接触熔化，可归纳为：在接触形状上可以有凹、凸与平的面，而接触的周长可以是矩形、圆形、椭圆形、抛物线形与弧形曲线；相对运动的类型有固体相变材料在加热容器内熔化，加热体通过熔化固体介质的运动，滑动接触与滚、转动接触；引起接触熔化的原因有温差、压力差、摩擦与粘性热。

The tongs all passes in the machine the gearing on the bed what tongs the gearing on realizes with superficial contact in the cowgirl on the bed in machine or matches.when the tongs installs in the machine bed work on the stage,the center of gravity of the tongs should be as far as possible low,center of gravity the more high an accepts should the dint is more big,the tongs bottom four directions should bulge,make its contact good,or the bottom establishes four a feets.when the tongs installs on the machine bed principal axis,the tongs install the to should have the enough match accuracy with principal axis cowgirl surface,and guarantee the gearing the stability dependable.

夹具体在机床上的安装都是通过夹具体上的安装基面与机床上的相应表面的接触或配合实现的。当物流设备需要的公司体在机床工作台上安装时，夹具的服装厂应尽量低，重心越高则支承面应力越大，夹具底面四边应凸出，使其接触良好，或底部设置四个支脚。当夹具体在机床主轴上安装时，夹具安装基面与主轴相应表面应有足够的配合精度，并保证安装稳定可靠。

Mainly introduced in this article 24 playing card and put together the chart game the development, including contact surface design and corresponding contact surface principle of design, but also introduced its development environment.

在本文中主要介绍了24点纸牌游戏的开发，其中包括界面的设计和相应的界面设计原则，还介绍了其开发环境。

Static friction: When objects and other objects along the contact surface tangent direction of movement or relative movement of the trend in the two objects contact surface between the hamper their relative movement of force, this force is friction.

静摩擦力：当物体和其他物体沿接触面切线方向运动或相对运动的趋势，在两个物体接触面之间的阻碍它们相对运动的力量，这股力量是摩擦。

Firstly, the developing principles of the cylindrical internal helical gear are proposed through analyzing the movement and geometry requirements, which provides continuous contact between the mating gear surfaces. The tooth surface of the internal helical gear in the new gearing can be imagined as being generated by the normal section of the conjugated surface of the ball-tooth, moving along the radial projection of helix line of the tooth-root circle. Also, the proposed surface can be approximate tangent to the conjugated surface of the ball-tooth along a spacial curve.

首先，通过分析保证行星轮作螺环运动时与内斜齿轮实现连续啮合传动的运动和几何条件，提出了圆柱内斜齿轮齿面的两种形成原理：即由球齿运动包络曲面的法截面沿其齿根圆螺旋线在径向的投影进行拓展所形成的内齿面，以及与球齿运动包络曲面呈近似相切接触的等螺距齿面构成的内齿面。

In any case, this requires version decoronated placed a significant portion of skinpass at the time, but because the imaging procedure takes direct contact exposure modes, the whole process can accept different types of plate surface changes of different planeness, and these changes are on the surface of the bltumlnous by the production of traditional plates on the surface treatment of aluminum.

无论怎样，这需要版材在平放时相当的平整，但由于成像过程采用直接接触曝光方式，整个过程可以接受各种类型版材表面不同平整度的变化，而这些表面的平整度变化是由生产传统版材时对铝基表面处理而造成的。

Pure magnesium was treated by A. C. treatment technique in 0.25mol/L NaZSO4+0.1mol/L NAOH solution. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The contact angle of the treated surface of pure Mg was measured by the First Ten Angstroms instrument and then its surface free energy can be calculated. The effect of alternating current treatment on the corrosion resistance of the pure magnesium was studied through electrochemical methods in 0.05mol/L NACI+0.01mol/L NAOH solution. The experimental results showed that a uniform and perfect oxide film was formed after A.

采用载波处理方法，用0.25mol/L Na2SO4+0.1mol/L NAOH作为载波处理溶液，对纯镁试样进行载波处理，通过正交试验确定载波处理的最佳工艺参数；用扫描电了显微镜观察载波处理后试样的表面形貌；用First Ten Angstroms仪器测量蒸馏水纯镁的接触角并计算出表面能；用电化学方法研究了在0.05 mol/L NACI+0.01mol/L NAOH溶液中载波处理对纯镁耐蚀性能的影响。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷