查询词典 surface hardening

In the bounding surface masonry model, the sliding yield surface is considered as isotropic hardening and rotating hardening bounding surface, and the masonry model is expanded from monotonic loading to complex loading.

把滑移屈服面看作为等向硬化和旋转硬化的边界面，从而合理地把砌块体模型从单调荷载推广到复杂荷载情况。。。

Diathermy is widely used in metal forging, mechanical parts and components heat treatment hardening, brazing and hardening the surface of small parts, solar collector tubes grilled consumption devices, wire and heat treatment.

广泛应用于金属透热锻打，机械零部件热处理淬火，钎焊及微小工件的表面淬火、太阳能集热管烤消设备、线材热处理等。

In this paper, a new technology of laser transformation hardening which could replace the present method of gear case hardening is introduced. Its significant and economic value are analyzed. The key techniques of laser transformation hardening gear , such as surface pretreatment coating and its methods, laser scanning pattern, are discussed in detail.

通过分析可替代常规齿轮渗碳淬火的激光齿面淬火新技术研究的意义及经济价值，着重讨论了齿面激光淬火的关键技术--表面预处理涂层与方法、激光扫描方式。

Four-node degenerated shell element and rigid shell element are used in our FEM model.Updated Lagrange formulation and rate form constitutive equation are adopted to solve the problem of large strain and large rotation in sheet forming process.Sheet metal material property is described by plastic anisotropy yielding model and isotropic hardening model.Master surface-slave surface contact model is used to define the contact between tools and blank.Contact constraints are enforced with a kinematic algorithm and friction stress is computed by Coulomb friction law.Dynamic relaxation method is used to treat springback after forming stroke.

四结点蜕化壳单元和刚体壳单元分别用来建立板和模具的有限元模型；更新Lagrange法和速率型本构关系被用来处理板料变形中的大应变和大转动；材料模型采用塑性各向异性屈服与等向强化模型；通过主从面模型定义板料和模具的接触，接触算法采用运动约束法，摩擦力用库仓定律计算；并利用动力松弛法对回弹过程进行了计算。

In this paper,the laser hardening technological parameters and the nigrescence technology with surface oxidation have been studied on tiny workpieces of 4Cr13 stainless steel,while the influences of the laser technology and various lapping ratios on hardness,depth and microstructures of the hardening layer have been explored.

研究了 4Cr13不锈钢细小零件激光表面强化工艺参数和材料表面氧化法发黑工艺，探讨了激光工艺和不同的搭接率对强化层硬度、淬硬层深度和表层组织结构的影响。

Three kinds of cutting material were selected to machine stainless steel machining experiment such as ceramic cutting tools, cermets cutting tools and coated carbide cutting tools, in which the best range of each kind of tool material was founded. For example, LT55 was suitable to be machine lCrl8Ni9Ti as the cutting speed surpasses 120m/min and have a good wearable property.(3) Surface roughness was measured under different cutting conditions. Feed rate played the most important role in impacting surface roughness, and then cutting speed.(4) Chip patterns in different cutting speed with various cutting materials were analyzed. With the increase of turning speed, chip became shorter and was easy to be broken. For instance, serration chip appeared in high sped turning stainless steel with LT55;(5) Work hardening of austenitic stainless steel was analyzed.

陶瓷刀具LT55适合在Vc=120m/min以上切削加工不锈钢，耐磨性好；③通过试验研究了不同刀具材料高速车削加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢时的表面粗糙度，其中进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最为显著，其次为切削速度；④分析了不同刀具材料在不同切削速度下加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切屑形态，随着车削速度的提高，切屑变短且易断屑，其中LT55陶瓷刀具切削加工时产生了锯齿状切屑；⑤分析了奥氏体不锈钢的加工硬化机理及其对刀具磨损的影响；⑥根据试验结果分析在不同切削条件下切削不锈钢的刀具磨损形式及其磨损机理。

A simple and effective surface modification technique,named surface oxygen diffusion hardening of titanium alloy has been developed in the past several years.

一种简单而有效的被称之为钛合金表面渗氧强化处理的技术在最近几年得到发展。

The results show that microstructure of the surface layer after electron beam irradiation consists of four zones,i.e.surface melting zone,phase transformation hardening zone,transition zone and base alloy.

研究结果表明，Cr12MoV模具钢经电子束表面熔凝处理后的显微组织可以明显地划分为四个区域：表面熔化区、相变硬化区、过渡区及合金的基体。

The characteristic of machined surface of high speed machining aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 is researched by micrographic experiments and analysis. The formation mechanics of machined metamorphism layer has been analyzed and studied. The dislocation-energy model in machined metamorphism layer was established and applied to explain the micrographic mechanics work-hardening using the thermo-mechanical coupling deformation theory and dislocation theory. The experimental results show that the interaction of high dislocation density effect on hardening is more remarkable than that of thermal stress in high speed machining.

利用显微观察方法对铝合金7050-T7451高速铣削加工的工件表面断面和不同深度的表层的微观形貌特征进行系统的研究，确定了高速切削加工铝合金7050-T7451的表面变质层深度为30～35μm；应用位错能量研究了高速铣削加工过程的热力耦合对变质层的影响机理，并通过微观形貌观察证明：与普通切削相比，高速铣削表层塑性变形的能量和位错密度更高；建立了位错密度的加工硬化的动力学模型，研究了加工硬化的热-力耦合形成机理；对微观裂纹的形成机理进行了理论分析，证明位错密度高的高速切削过程中较低速加工更容易产生明显的微裂纹，从分子级乃至原子级的水平进一步揭示高速切削加工表面变质层的形成特征。

They are FF testing methods, surface treatment technique, evaluation of the properties of surface modification layer, coating induced embrittlement, selection of coating materials, effects of SP and other surface modification on fretting fatigue resistance . A new coating technology combined with shot peening is proved in improving FFR of titanium alloy. The relation between fretting wear and fretting fatigue mechanism of titanium alloy are discussed on the basis of the experimental results. The main contributions are as follows:(1) Shot peening is the most efficient way in improving fretting fatigue resistance of titanium alloys. Working hardening, roughening and compressive residual stress are involved in the shot peened surface.

本文针对上述问题，从影响FF行为的关键环节：FF实验方法、表面处理工艺技术及表层性能评价、镀层引起的钛合金脆化行为、脆化机制及镀层材料的选择、喷丸强化因数和表面涂层对钛合金FF抗力的影响、FF与微动磨损的联系等，深入系统地研究影响钛合金FF抗力的控制因数，探讨FF机理，并通过喷丸形变强化与新型表面镀或渗层合理复合，达到进一步提高钛合金FF抗力的目的。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。