查询词典 surface element

In this paper, an iterative approach to potential field continuation from curved surface to plane is proposed. The continuation of potential field data from a curved surface to a plane can be viewed as an inverse problem of upward continuation of plane potential field data, getting a linear integral equation. Through viewing the potential field data on the curved surface as the data on the average elevation plane of the curved surface, then using the wavenumber domain generalized inverse algorithm to downward continue the data from the average elevation plane to a given plane, and a topography correction based on the change of curved surface relative to its average elevation is implemented to the downward continued data on the given plane, finally the downward continued data plane is upward continued to the curved surface.

本文提出一种位场数据曲化平的迭代方法，即通过把位场数据曲化平视为平面位场数据向上延拓的反问题，得到曲化平的线性积分方程，再把曲面上位场数据视为曲面平均高程面上的位场数据，利用向下延拓的波数域广义逆算法把平均高程面上的位场数据向下延拓到设定平面上，再根据曲面和其平均高程面的相对起伏对设定平面上的向下延拓数据进行起伏校正，最后再把所得平面上的位场数据向上延拓得到曲面上的位场数据，并进行迭代。

As a whole,the notable characteristic of primary productivity in size-fractioned structure was that nanoplankton occupied comparatively significant advantage in Beibu Gulf.Nanoplankton has the largest contribution to gross primary productivity,and picoplankton was the secondary contributor,while microplankton the least.The contribution of microplankton for primary productivity in the north Gulf was more than that in the other waters.Nanoplankton and picoplankton contribute more to the gross primary productivity in offshore deep waters than in inshore shallow waters3.The Beibu Gulf can be divided into three ecoregions:Region-Ⅰis the ecoregion in inshore shallow waters of the north Gulf.In average,the water depth is 18m,DIN is 1.88μmol/L,DIP is 0.20μmol/L,N:P is 9.4:1,dissolved silicate is 5.17μmol/L,the Chl a conentration in surface layer is 2.27mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index in surface layer is 3.80mg/,the primary productivity is 198.78mgC/(m~2·d), and potential fishery production is estimated to be 0.24gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion is mainly affected by the northern coastal water systems,and may be fit for aquaculture;Region-Ⅱis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the north Gulf and the coastal shallow waters to the west Hainan Island.In average,the water depth is 35m,DIN is 2.01μmol/L,DIP is 0.18μmol/L,N:P is 11.2:1,disovled silicate is 4.23μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 1.45mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer is 4.12 mg/,the primary productivity is 276.60mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.34gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity. The ecoregion was mainly influenced by ocean current from the South China Sea, rivers in the west coast of Hainan Island and the water from Qiongzhou Strait.It may be fit for aquaculture and fishery;Region-Ⅲis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the mid and south Gulf.In average,the water depth is 75m,DIN is 0.77μmol/L, DIP is 0.15μmol/L,N:P is 5.1:1,disovled silicate is 3.05μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 0.70mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer averaged is 3.69mg/,the primary productivity is 350.89mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.43gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion was mainly affected by the circulation inside Beibu Gulf, and may be fit for fishery.

初级生产力的粒级结构的一个显著特点是总体上微型浮游生物在全调查海区均占较明显优势，对总初级生产力的平均贡献最大；微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献次之；小型浮游生物对总初级生产力的平均贡献最小；湾北部小型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾中部和湾南部，而湾中部和湾南部微型和微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾北部，远岸深水区高于近岸浅水区。3、北部湾可以分为三个生态区：湾北部近岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深19m，DIN浓度平均值为1.88μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.20μmol/L，N：P为9.4：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为5.17μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值高达2.27 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.80 mg/，初级生产力平均值198.78mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.24 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受湾北部沿岸水系影响，适合作为水产养殖区；湾北部深水区和海南岛西部沿岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深35m，DIN浓度平均值为2.01μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.18μmol/L，N：P为11.2：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为4.23μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值1.45 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为4.12mg/，初级生产力平均值276.60 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.34 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受南部湾口区海流向湾内延伸，沿岸海南岛河流注入湾内和琼州海峡过道水的影响，适合作为渔业作业区和水产养殖区；湾中部和南部远岸深水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深75m，DIN浓度平均值为0.77μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.15μmol/L，N：P为5.1：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为3.05μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值0.70 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.69 mg/，初级生产力平均值350.89 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.43 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受北部湾环流影响，适合作为渔业作业区。

After 30 days, the cultures were preserved in darkness, and 4 types of resting cysts were found after another 90 days:(1) spherical to ovoid cysts (25-39 μm long) covered by asparse or numerous calcareous attachments (1-4 μm long) and a calcareous surface;(2) spherical cysts (29-35 μm diameter) with a noncalcareous surface attachment, calcareous surface;(3)spherical to ovoid cysts (29-35 μm long) w ithout any surface attachment and a calcareous surface; and (4) spherical c ysts (24- 35 μm diameter) without any surface attachment and an organic surf ace.

培养30天后，培养液中有大量休眠孢囊，将藻液避光保存90天后，观察到培养基中有4种类型的休眠孢囊产生：(1)球形到椭球形(长25-39 μm)，钙质外壁，稀疏或密被钙质附属物(长1-4 μm)；(2)球形(直径为29-35 μm)，钙质外壁，附属物非钙质(长0.5-1.5 μm)；(3)球形到椭球形(长29-35 μm)，钙质，表面光滑，无附属物；(4)球形(直径24-35 μm )，有机外壁，无附属物。

Doping Cr into perfect TiO2 (110) surface can create the new active surface state different from that of oxygen defect surface ,AM and transition metals deposited TiO2 (110) surface. Its active surface state is the Cr 3d occupied state near EF and the value of band-gap drop from 3.13eV to 1.16eV, so photocatalysis reaction can perform in visual light area after doping Cr into perfect TiO2 (110) surface.

TiO_2(110)面掺杂Cr 可以产生不同于氧缺陷、碱金属及过渡金属负载的新表面态，其表面态为靠近E_F 的Cr3d 电子占据能带，带隙由原来的3.13ev 降至1.16eV，因此，掺Cr 后TiO_2 可在可见光区发生光催化作用。

Remove row and column' and 'put a big number' have been used for the first boundary;a continuous Regional Identification Function is used on the basis of non-variant nodal virtual flux method for the free surface boundary;Gauss formula is used to make the curved surface integral of the free surface boundary transformed as the difference between volumn integral and other curved surface integral to calculate the integral item on boundaries, which avoiding finding the position of free surface, while the continuous Regional Identification Function is applied to calculate volumn integral and surface integral;Crout and PCG method is used for solusion.

对于已知水头边界，采用&去行去列法&和&置大数法&进行处理；对于自由面穿过的单元，在固定网格节点虚流量法的基础上，引入连续的区域识别函数；对于非稳定渗流中自由面边界积分项，采用高斯公式将求自由面的面积分转化为求体积分与其他面积分之差，避免了求自由面的具体位置，同时在计算体积分和面积分时采用连续的区域识别函数；在解法上，采用直接解法和PCG法。

The scale-type geometric wear-resistant structure surface is characterized in being made up of a base and the bionic geometric units on the surface. The bionic geometric structure unit is a scale-type structure distributed regularly on the surface of the base, and the distribution density is that: the ratio between the geometric projection area of the scale-type structure on the base surface and the surface area of the base formed by all the edge ends is 50-100%; the scale-type geometric structure unit has a symmetric hexagon shape on the surface; the sides L2/L1=1.0-2.0, L1: 1mm-50mm, and the internal angle Alpha is 120 degree -130 degree, the internal angle Beta is 100 degree -110 degree; the A-A section is subtriangular, and the B-B section is a trapezoid, the height H of the scale-type is 1-5mm.

本发明由基体和其表面上的仿生几何结构单元组成，仿生几何结构单元为在基体表面规律分布的鳞片型结构，鳞片型的分布密度为：其在基体表面上的几何投影面积之和与所有棱端围成的基体表面积之比为50-100％，鳞片型几何结构单元的表面形状为对称六边形结构：边长L2/L1＝1.0-2.0，L1：1mm-50mm，内角α为120°-130°，内角β为100°-110°，鳞片型的A-A截面为近似三角形，B-B截面为梯形，鳞片型的高度H为1-5mm。

The shockwave of the meteorite strike on the terrane of the surface passes the dynamic energy to the surface and forms the target terrane shatter cone; due to the fact that the terrane of stricken surface can not maintain the state of stress, a cluster of rarefaction wave was formed behind the shockwave to decompress terrane substances from high pressure state, this cluster of rarefaction wave ejects with high speed from the interface between the substances such as meteorite, surface terrane and lava, the shockwave compresses the target terrane substances, generating super-high temperature and forming a jet current of rock mass, rock powder, lava or rock fog with high pressure and temperature, the jet current lasted until the shockwave rebounded from the backside of rock, and the target of meteorite-stricken surface is formed on surface.

陨石撞击地面岩层时的冲击波把动能传给地表产生靶岩震裂锥，由于被撞击地表岩层不能维持应力状态，冲击波后面就发展一簇稀疏波使岩层物质从高压状态下减压，在陨石、地表岩层、熔岩等物质交界处高速喷出，冲击波压缩靶点岩层物质产生超高温，成为压力大温度高的岩块、岩粉、熔岩或岩雾喷射流，直到冲击波从岩石背侧反射、地面上形成陨击靶点。

It 's mainly used in steel tubes of high 's mainly used in steel tubes of high temperature superheaters with surface temperature temperature superheaters with surface temperature ≤625℃ and high ≤625℃ and high temperature reheaters with surface temperature temperature reheaters with surface temperature ≤650℃, and high ≤650℃, and high temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature ≤600℃.

主要主要用于壁温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处理。

By the FEA model that the recharge effect had been taken into account, the surface settlement and the surface differential settlement of the ground surface which was out of the recharge position could be greatly reduced, the recharge effect at far foundation pit wasmuch more apparent than at the near position. By the FEA model that the water-seal effect had been taken into account, the surface settlement and surface differential settlement of the ground surface could be largely reduced; the reduction of the total settlement and the differential settlement increased as the length of water-seal wall grew.

考虑回灌作用的有限元模型计算分析表明：设置回灌井或者回灌排水沟都可减小回灌处以外的地表总的沉降和不均匀沉降，随着排水沟离开基坑边距离的增加，回灌点以外的总沉降量和不均匀沉降都减少，回灌井埋设深度对周围地表沉降影响较小；通过考虑止水帷幕的有限元模型计算分析表明：设置止水帷幕可大大减小基坑周围土体总沉降和不均匀沉降，随着打设止水帷幕深度的增加，基坑周围地表总沉降和不均匀沉降都减小。

The shaft is mounted in the pump housing by axially spaced conical bearings, each bearing including a first element fixed on the shaft with a first conical bearing surface concentric with the axis, a coacting second element carried by the housing with a second conical bearing surface concentric with the axis and slidably engaging the first bearing surface and a spring forcing the elements together.

所述轴由轴向地间隔开的锥形轴承安装在所述的泵外壳中，每一轴承包括：第一元件，固定在所述轴上，具有与所述轴线同心的第一锥形轴承表面；共同作用的第二元件，由泵外壳承载，具有与所述轴线同心的第二锥形轴承表面，该第二锥形轴承表面可滑动地啮合所述第一轴承表面；和弹簧，将所述元件压在一起。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。