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Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

In late September and early October 2002, 163 surface samples were grabbed from the Yangtze subaqueous delta within a range of 122°~123°E and 30°50'~31°50'N. Based on analyses of grain size, foraminifera, ostracoda, carbonate, organic carbon of surface sediments, the study area can be divided into two parts, i.

2002年9-10月在长江水下三角洲获取了163个表层样，综合粒度、有孔虫、介形类、有机碳以及CaCO3含量的资料表明，研究区明显分为两部分，即长江河口现代三角洲和晚更新世末期三角洲。

It is shown that the surface of carbon fiber displays a high propens ity to nucleate PP crystallization. The nuclei density at the surface of carbon fiber is much higher than that in the bulk area, and the resulting radial growth produces a type of transcrystalline structure, and the characteristic temperature of crystallization increases with carbon fiber concentration.

碳纤维表面对聚丙烯结晶过程具有明显的促进作用，纤维表面成核密度轻高，结晶生长成为横穿结晶，结晶特征温度随碳纤维加入而有不同程度的升高。

A isotherm of a monolayer at air-water interface for a quaternary ammonium salt type trimeric surfactant (shortly called 12-2-12-2-12) was investigated by the Langmuir balance technology. The surface tension at collapse pressure,γ, and the molecular limited area, A, were determined and compared with the surface tension of the surfactant solution at CMC concentration,γ.

利用Langmuir膜天平研究了季铵盐三聚表面活性剂12-2-12-2-12在空气－水界面单分子膜的表面压－分子面积等温线，得到它的崩溃压对应的表面张力γ(下标 collapse)和分子极限面积A。

The computer aided 3-dimensional simulation of rectangular tile coating on ship hull requires a local area on the total undevelopable surface to be approximately flattened, and the point-to-point correspondence of the plane and submarine surface to be established.

以船体表面敷设矩形柔性瓦的计算机三维仿真设计为背景，提出了不可展曲面局部区域近似展开均匀环形网格法，并以此算法为基础，在MDT平台上开发出一套工具包来完成矩形瓦敷设仿真设计。

In this paper,the updated Snake model is used to solve the echocardiography processing.Based on the updated active contour model,the contour points for two-dimensional slice serial of echocardiography are gotten.On this basis,through calculating the distance between the contour points of each two-dimensional slice and the center axis lines,the distance matrix from the four cambers of the ventricle to the center plane of ventricle are gotten.And through interpolating,smooth handling and filtering,the 3D endoscopic surface of ventricle is fitted out.Besides,in the medical measurements field,the slice area of ventricle and the volume of ventricle are measured,and the trend of slice area is also analyzed.

将改进的Snake模型应用于心脏超声波图像处理：基于改进Snake模型的思想，得到了心脏超声波图像二维切片序列的轮廓点，在此基础上，得到分割出的心室上下左右4个曲面上轮廓点到中心平面的距离矩阵，并通过插值和平滑处理以及滤波处理工作，拟合出心室的三维曲面图，取得了较好的效果；在医学测量方面，对心室的切片面积、变化趋势及心室的体积进行了测量。

Pure-remote sensing information models are free of the numerous distributional parameters that are difficult to obtain in vast area. The following sections are included in the study.(1) The VCI and SVI based on time-series NDVI data are used to analyse regional drought and the following results were reached: As the vegetation growth status index, the response of VCI and SVI to precipitation was land cover type, temporal and site specified. So VCI and SVI have little information about drought when used to monitor regional drought especially in China that has a mountainous topographty.(2) Based on the interpretation of NDVI-Ts space, NDVI and land surface temperature was combined to construct NVDI-Ts space from which the TVDI (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index) was obtained with line ratio method and normalized slopes method. When compared with the topsoil moisture measured in situ, TVDI are competent in regional drought monitoring. Illumed by the NDVI-Ts space, we combined the NDVI with day/night land surface temperature difference and apparent thermal inertia to construct NDVI-ΔT and NDVI-ATI spaces from which the DVDI and AVDI were estimated respectively with 8-day composite MODIS 〓 product and 16-day composite MODIS NDVI product.

具体包括以下几方面的内容：(1)VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用评价：探讨利用NDVI时间系列数据建立的植被状态指数和标准植被指数评价区域干旱的可行性，研究结果表明：VCI和SVI作为植被相对生长状况指标，对降水的响应随着植被覆盖类型、时间和空间等而表现出不同的敏感性，因此在大区域干旱监测中，特别是我国这样地形复杂多样的国家，VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用都是有限的；(2)利用TVDI评价全国干旱等级分布：结合陆地表面温度和植被指数建立NDVI-T〓空间，在NDVI-T〓空间物理意义理解的基础上，分别采用线段比值法和斜率归一化法构建温度植被干旱指数，并利用TVDI研究了我国2000年3～5月份各旬的干旱分布，取得比较满意的结果。

Based on the analysis on the oil sources and migration pathway of this area, the mineralization modes of the oil sand in the area are derived in this paper. Main conclusions are drawn as follows: a. multiphase tectonic activity resulted in multistage hydrocarbon generation of the source rock; b. threestage tectonic activity and threestage mineralization process formed a great deal of unconformity and fault pathway, thus the crude oil could migrate in a long distance; c. the tectonic activity in Yanshan and Himalayan stages uplifted the edge of the basin and the eroded reservoir outcropped to the surface, the light oil escaped and then the oil sand resource formed; d.

通过对该区油源和运移通道的分析研究，得出该区油砂的成矿模式：①多期的构造活动使烃源岩多期生烃；②三期构造活动、三个阶段的成矿过程，形成了大量的不整合面和断层通道，使原油远距离运移；③燕山期和喜马拉雅期构造活动使盆地边缘抬升，经受剥蚀，油层出露地表，轻质油逸散形成了现今的油砂资源。

During the early stage of Yanshan Movement in the Mesozoic Era, when the North China Plate had completed joining the Yangtze Plate to become a new united Craton massif, the tectonic movement turned to intracontinental orogenic stage, resulting in widespread magmatic activity and migmatization so that Tianzhu granitic batholith intruded the area on a large scale to form an embryo of the granite peak forest in the Tianzhu mountain area and ultrahigh pressure metamorphic zone further retraced its way, and consequently outcropped on the crust surface.

中生代燕山早期，华北、扬子板块已完成对接拼合，形成了新的统一的克拉通地块，构造运动已转入陆内造山阶段，引起广泛的岩浆作用和混合岩化作用，天柱山花岗质岩基大规模侵入，形成了区内天柱山花岗岩峰林胚胎，并导致超高压变质带进一步折返，并最终出露地表。

By using of the data of atmospheric turbidity and surface radiation observed at Zhangye and Desert stations in HEIFE area during the period from the third decade of February to the second decade of May in 1991, together with the data obtained from NOAA\|11 satellite overpassing this area at the same time, we estimate single scattering albedo (\%ω\% 0 ) and fraction of optical depth \%\[k(τλ=8~10 /τλ=0.55 \%)\] of atmospheric dust aerosols, by employed the radiative model in ...

利用 1991年 2月下旬～ 5月中旬HEIFE张掖和沙漠站的大气浑浊度观测、地面辐射观测及同期卫星资料，借助NCARCCM 3中的辐射模式CRM ，模拟估算了我国西北大气沙尘气溶胶的部分光学参数，单次散射反照率(ω0 )和光学厚度比 [k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55) ]。计算结果表明，清洁天ω0 和kτλ=8～ 14 /(τλ=0 。55在沙漠和绿洲均为 0 。94和 0 。1；浑浊天ω0 在绿洲为 0 。90 ，沙漠为 0 。84 ；k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55)在绿洲为 0 。3 ，沙漠为 0 。4。在气候模式中，可将我国西部沙尘源区大气沙尘的ω0 和k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55)分别取为 0 。88和 0 。3。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。