查询词典 surface area

In this paper the key points discussed were that, under the condition of a sharp hypsography of desert areas of Ordos basin, we used some new geophysical methods in the investigation of surface structure to obtain high accurate surface structure data and provide reliable scientific foundation for data acquisition and process; we dealt with the optimum coupling of surface geophones and the digital realization technique in desert areas, dug into a method of high frequency compensation according to attenuations by absorption near surface, adopted data processing and correction technique, solved high frequency attenuation and geophone coupling, eliminated the influences of sharply transverse fluctuation of hypsography in desert area on the seismic data, enhanced the fidelity and SNR of seismic section, and finally picked up more geologic information on the seismic profile and improved the precision of the lateral prediction for the reservoir beds.

本文旨在研究鄂尔多斯盆地沙漠区地表变化比较大的情况下，在表层结构调查中通过应用一些地球物理新方法，以获取高精度的表层结构数据，为资料采集和数据处理提供更科学的依据；研究在沙漠区地表检波器最佳耦合的方式与数字实现技术，研究通过近地表的吸收衰减规律进行高频补偿的方法，采用数据处理校正技术，解决高频吸收及检波器耦合，消除沙漠区表层横向剧烈变化对地震资料的影响，提高地震剖面的保真度和信噪比，从而使更多的地质信息能够从地震剖面中反映出来，提高储层横向预测的精度。

Freezing soil is a natural phenomina in cold and mountain areas, which has great impact on the regional climate, water cycle, and water balance. The land surface process in the condition of soil freezing and thawing is one of the most important process in the area. This paper firstly reviews the present study on land surface process in the condition of soil freezing and thawing, especially the development after the the hydrological land surface model introduced into the study of General Circulation Model, then introduces the undergoing international research project, such as Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes and Cold Land Process Field Experiment by NASA, and finally analyses and puts forward the future research field and topics.

冻土是全球中高纬地区和高山地带普遍存在的自然现象，它对全球以及区域性气候、水循环、水平衡等都有着巨大的影响，土壤冻融条件下的陆面过程正是这种影响的重要环节，介绍了土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的研究现状，特别是在大气环流模型中引入水文陆面模型以来陆面过程研究的迅猛发展，对现在国际上正在进行的考虑冻土的陆面过程研究项目，如陆面过程参数化比较计划的第二阶段第五期PILPS (2E)以及美国NASA的寒区陆面过程实地试验计划也进行了介绍，并在此基础上对土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的发展趋势进行了分析。

Proposed a representation scheme for 3D face -- Surface UnfoldingFor its irregular sampling in 3D space, 3D face surface cannot be processed by many orthogonal and subspace analysis toolkits directly, i.e. DFT, DCT, PCA, LCA. Surface Unfolding projects the 3D face to a 2D plane while retaining its intrinsic geometry properties of angle and area which issues a surface representation — Unfolded Image.

提出了一个三维人脸的平面表征方法——曲面开折模型不同于传统的数字生物特征，3D人脸数据是非规则采样的，传统的信号处理工具难以对3D数据进行直接处理。

Distribution of biogenic silica content in surface sediments from deep water areas showed that it could not only reflect the paleoproductivity of siliceous micropaleontology in surface waters, but also indicate the strong or feeble upwelling. Thus, it was further confirmed that using biogenic silica content in sediments to trace upwelling and its change was effective and reliable. The analyzed result showed that radiolaria and poriferous specula have more contribution for biogenic opal, comparing with diatom in surface sediments from the northern studied area, probably owing to the diatom dissolved easily away and eaten by other organisms with little effort.

深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明，其不仅能反映出表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平，而且还能指示上升流的强弱，从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度研究结果还显示，在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重，这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。

The urbanization of polder area can result in change of land utilization property, increase in surface runoff coefficient, decrease in water surface ratio and increase in modulus of flood peak, and puts forward higher requirement for the surface drainage standard.

圩区城市化会造成土地利用性质改变、地表径流系数增大、水面率减少，使洪峰模数增加，从而对排涝标准又提出了更高的要求。

This dissertation was focused on the research about the formation and evolution of NQB from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period, including integrated analyzing the characteristic of the key stratigraphic surfaces, the time of the key stratigraphy, regional rock straigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, sedimentary system and depositional facies. On basis of these analysis, a tectonic evolution model have been established for NQB during from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period.1. After the systematic surface analysis about main stratigraphy units, we found that:(1) the bottom of Xiaochaka formation was comformity with the middle Triassic in the basin, and in the north margin it was deposited and overlapped on the different period stratigraphy before Triassic.(2) The top surface of Xiaochaka formation developed regionally karst and paleo-karst breccia, and was uncomformity with Nadigangri Formation, these things suggest that NQB in Xiaochaka depositing stage was developed from middle Triassic basin, and then an extensive regression occurred, the deposition was over and erosion come into being.(3) The lithologic assemblage, geochemistry, mixed fossils, and stratigraphy overlapping characteristic of Quemocuo Formation in early middle Jurassic indicted that the uncomformity surface was an extension-unconformity.2. Integrated analysis about stratigraphy division and correlation indicted that:(1) the paleontologic assemblage of Xiaochaka formation show its time was Carian -Norian stage of late Triassic. According to it was overlapped by late Triassic Nadigangri Formation, so Xiaochaka formation should be Carian - early Norian stage.(2) the SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb age of Nadigangri formation volcanic rocks wear vary form 216 to 205 Ma, so its time should be Norian, but maybe extended into Rhaetian Stage.(3) The age of its bottom volcanic rocks, the fossil assemblages of its middle and upper members and overlapped by lower Jurassic, indicted the age of Riganpeicuo Formation was Norian - Rhaetian stage. And the same time, the volcanic rocks geochemistry of Nadigangri and Riganpeicuo formation both reflected that they wear formed in rift tectonic settings. The lower lithologic and surface characteristic, fossil assemblages and its upper maybe was conformity with lower Jurassic, all reflected that the age of Tumengela Formation in Tumen area should be Norian - Rhaetian stage.

论文对晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期盆地的形成与演化开展了研究，包括关键地层界面特征分析、关键地层时代归属分析、区域岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层的综合对比分析、区域沉积体系与沉积相分析、岩相古地理分析，最终建立晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆沉积—构造动力演化模式。1、系统的对各地层单元的界面分析发现：(1)肖茶卡组底界在盆地内部与中三叠统整合关系，在盆地北缘为沉积超覆于不同时代的前三叠系之上：(2)肖茶卡组顶界面发育古岩溶角砾岩，与上覆那底岗日组为岩溶不整合接触，说明肖茶卡组沉积时期的羌塘盆地是在早中三叠世的盆地基础发展起来的，后期出现了广泛的海退事件，使盆地结束沉积并遭受风化剥蚀作用；(3)中侏罗统雀莫错组的岩性组合特征、岩石化学特征、古生物化石混积和地层的沉积超覆现象均表现出裂陷环境下形成的伸展不整合面的特征。2、综合地层划分与对比分析认为：(1)肖茶卡组古生物化石组合反映其时代为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利期，根据其上被上三叠统那底岗日组不整合覆盖，将其时代厘定为卡尼期—若利期早期；(2)那底岗日组火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄在216～205 Ma之间，其时代主要为若利期，可能包含有瑞替期：(3)日干配错组底部火山岩的年龄、中上部化石组合及其被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映的时代为晚三叠世若利期—瑞替期，而且那底岗日组火山岩和日干配错组火山岩的地球化学成分分析反映两者均为引张构造背景下的产物；土门地区的土门各拉组的下部岩性及界面特征、化石组合和上部可能被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映其时代为若利期—若利期。

The study purpose of surface structure is to develop corresponding depth-velocity model of surface structure, based on the variation of velocity and depth of surface and near surface uncemented sediments in seismic survey area, and using the static correction data from each observation point to delete the interference of the variation on adjacent channel.

表层结构研究的目的，是通过对地震勘探区内地表及近地表沉积物质速度和厚度的变化分析，建立相应的表层结构深度-速度模型，从而求取各观测点的静校正量，以消除地表及近地表速度和厚度变化对地震记录相邻道产生的静校时差。

Expect for a few pittings,the N+1-implanted surface had a best fineness (average roughness Ra≈4.2nm), close to the unimplanted original surface.The N+2-implanted surface had a black dendritic area,and had a poorer fineness (Ra≈16nm).While in the N+10-implanted surface appeared a ripple structure,with the poorest fineness (Ra≈40nm).

但其表面形貌各异：N+1注入的表面除存在少量点蚀坑外，光洁度最高(平均粗糙度Ra≈4.2nm)，接近未注入前的原始表面(Ra≈3.5nm)；N+2注入的出现黑色枝状区域，光洁度次之(Ra≈16nm)，而N+10注入的则出现&波纹&状结构，光洁度最差(Ra≈40nm)。

The electroformed copings and interfacial area were examined by SEM and EDS analysis. Results: Surface roughness increased by sandblasting, O content had not been greatly improved by preoxidation, the coping surface formed a porous structure after applying gold bonder. The gold and porcelain combined tightly, mechanical chimera and simple diffusion of Al, O elements were observed in interfacial area.

结果：喷砂可以增加金沉积表面的粗糙度，预氧化没有使氧元素含量得到很大提高，涂布金黏结剂后金沉积表面形成了多孔样的结构：金瓷结合紧密，可见明显的机械嵌合结构，金瓷界面出现了铝、氧元素的单纯扩散。

The study area is basically located in hydrodynamic balance belt, and the suspended sediment transport is characteristics of reciprocating movement and small amount of net sediment discharge. The net suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by average current transport, Stokes drift-induced transport and gravitational circulation transport. The advection transport effect gradually weakens and gravitational circulation transport evidently intensifies from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Settling velocity of single particles is far smaller than that of floccules, so, influence of flocculation of suspended sediments must be taken into the consideration.Incipient velocity and transport flux of surface sediments are analyzed using formulas of incipient velocity and transport flux. Transport trend and controlling factors of surface sediments are studied by the method of grain size trend analysis.

结果表明，研究区净悬沙通量自杭州湾内向外海迅速变小，悬沙总体由杭州湾向外海输运，但同时存在向杭州湾方向的净输沙；研究区基本处于水动力平衡带，悬沙输运具有往复搬运、净输沙量小的特点；平均流输运、Stokes漂移输运和垂向净环流输运是引起悬沙泥沙净输运的主要作用机制，自口门至外海，平流输运作用逐渐减弱，垂向净环流输沙在悬沙净输运中所占比例逐渐增加；舟山群岛海域既是杭州湾向东海输运泥沙的重要通道，也是东海沿岸流携带泥沙向南输运的过渡地带；研究区单颗粒泥沙沉降速度很小，远小于絮凝沉降速度，在研究本区悬沙沉降时必须考虑絮凝的影响。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。