查询词典 supervision

Each countries have made different regulations for the judicial supervision of commercial affairs. Anglo-American Law System are greatly defferent from Continental Law System. Countries with Anglo-American Law System often endow with more rights of supervision and intervention to the courts, however, in the Continental Law System countries, the courts usually dont intervene in the work out of the arbitrament. But with the development of the arbitration, the court has change its participant degree from more supervision and less support to limited supervision and positive support.

世界各国对商事仲裁司法监督的规定各有不同，英美法系国家与大陆法系国家对此的规定就有较大差别，英美法系国家通常赋予法院以较大的监督权和干预权，在大陆法系国家，法院一般不干预仲裁裁决的作出，但随着仲裁的不断发展，法院对仲裁的参与程度基本上都从较多的监督、较少的支持转变为有限的监督、积极的支持。

The supervisory institution, as the main executor of banking supervision, firstly, the key for them is to improve the level of supervisors and ensure them duteous by effective administration and incentive-discipline mechanism; secondly, the effective way is to sound supervision information and take the corresponding measures according to the risk grade of bank; thirdly, the base is to enforce the personnel supervision and implement supervision strictly according to laws.

监管机构作为监管的主要实施者，一要提高监管人员的监管水平，并通过有效的管理与激励约束保证其尽职监管，这是监管的关键；二要完善监管信息，依据银行机构风险等级采取相应的监管措施，这是监管的有效手段；三要加强人本监管，严格实行依法监管，这是监管的根本。

In this dissertation by analysis and comment we point out that though the current model of accounting supervision to SOE makes some progress in contrast with the traditional model, there still exist lots of problems. For example, the accounting assignment system doesn't coordinate with the modern enterprise institution and contradict with corporate law of PRC. The timeliness of supervision by CFO with double roles and assigned expediter (board of supervision of external assignment) is not obvious. The crux is that the assignment of decision maker and supervision-and-binding principal is unreasonable.

本文在对我国现行的国家出资者对国有企业会计监督的各种模式（包括会计委派制、财务总监委派制、稽察特派员或外派监事会制、财政监察专员制度、国家审计和社会审计等）进行分析评说后指出，虽然现行模式比传统的国有企业会计监督有了一些突破，但是仍然存在不少问题，表现在会计委派制与现代企业制度之间的不相协调、与《公司法》规定冲突、财务总监的双重身份及稽察特派员监督时效性不强等。

This paper comprises 4 chapters which carries out analyze and study on some typical cases, for example, the affair of Sun Zhigang, the affair that several person being cracked by a BMW car in Haerbing, the case of liuYong who is a cock of gangdom in Shenyang, etc. Therefore, this paper can systematically discuss the forming, developing, shape, character of Internet supervision by public opinion, and its influence on the consensus supervision of traditional media, and its co-operation with the consensus supervision of traditional media. In addition, this paper also discusses the current of consensus supervision, and how to pilot and regulate it in the Internet condition.

本文分为四个部分，通过对孙志刚事件、哈尔滨宝马车撞人案、沈阳黑社会头目刘涌案等典型案例的分析研究，从网络舆论监督的形成、发展、形态、特征，它对传统媒体舆论监督的影响，它与传统媒体舆论监督的互动与融合，以及网络环境下整个舆论监督的走势及引导等方面展开了系统地阐述。

Being the important base of the supervision work, the information decides if the supervision work is effective. For this reason, we must completely use the information method enouge to enlarge the coming of the supervision information. After the detection of the information, hoss the artificial thing and remain the real thing, prove the supervision information real and complete.

信息作为监督工作的重要基础，对监督工作能否有效起着至关重要的作用，因此要充分运用信息论方法，扩大监督信息来源渠道，通过对信息的调查，去伪存真，保证监督信息的真实性和全面性。

This paper also applies game theory to set up game models for ante-accommodation and post-accommodation. In the information model for ante-accommodation, commercial banks expect the occurrence of separate game equivalence not the pooled game equivalence, for in pooled game equivalence, commercial banks may easily choose adverse selection to provide loans because of asymmetric information, while in the supervision model for post-accommodation, banks and enterprises hardly make pure strategic equivalence, that is, they can not achieve Pareto optimum in the same time, meanwhile, when the supervision model for post-accommodation achieve pooled strategic equivalence, we will make use of probabilities of enterprises not keeping their promises and probabilities of bank supervision as indexes for describing qualitatively the credit risk for enterprises and the credit risk for bank supervision.

首先，论文对信贷活动中信息不对称所产生的逆向选择与道德风险及由此产生的信贷风险进行了一般理论分析，并提出了防范逆向选择和道德风险的一般模型；其次，论文结合我国信贷市场预算约束软化这一根本特征，研究了我国信贷活动中由信息不对称而产生的信贷风险形成机理的特殊性进行了分析；接着，运用博弈论方法对我国信贷市场中商业银行与企业在申请贷款、偿还贷款时的博弈行为进行了深入分析；最后，文章提出了消除信贷市场信息不对称的对策和建议。

This thesis also researches and develops some theories about the efficiency of financial supervision. It researches the changed track of financial supervision costs and yields that variate as the financial supervision degree changes. Then it arrives at the most benefit point of financial supervision degree.

本文还对财政监督效益的相关理论进行了研究和创新，研究了财政监督收益与成本随监督程度变化而变化的轨迹，进而得出最优的财政监督程度点。

At present, our Congress counts information distortedly and seriously, there is a loss phenomenon of state-run assets every year, enterprise at the same time evade taxes phenomenon contain effectively too, all these indicate I Congress count supervision function weaken, the accounting supervision exists: The inside accounting supervision is lacked, the serious problem that the external accounting supervision does ones best .

目前，我国会计信息失真严重，每年都存在国有资产流失现象，同时企业偷税漏税现象也没有得到有效遏制，这1切都表明我国会计监督职能弱化，会计监督存在着：：内部会计监督缺失，外部会计监督不力的严重问题。

At present, our Congress counts information distortedly and seriously, there is a loss phenomenon of state-run assets every year, enterprise at the same time evade taxes phenomenon contain effectively too, all these indicate I Congress count supervision function weaken, the accounting supervision exists: The inside accounting supervision is lacked, the serious problem that the external accounting supervision does ones best .

目前，我国会计信息失真严重，每年都存在国有资产流失现象，同时企业偷税漏税现象也没有得到有效遏制，这一切都表明我国会计监督职能弱化，会计监督存在着：：内部会计监督缺失，外部会计监督不力的严重问题。

These theories respectively are the governing theory, liability-control theory and trust-deputize theory. The reason why we choose these theory to analyses the problem of incorruptible style supervision system construction of China customs is that the China customs, in theory, ignored the governing of bureaucracy, incompatible the liability-control, and the problem of asymmetry information. Because of the problem of concerning above, in reality, China customs should be appear the problem like feebleness of power of uprightness lead, weakness of superior supervision, catabolizing of polity power, the emptiness of same grade supervision, and failure of incorruptible supervision.

本文认为从这些理论视角出发，我国海关在理论上正是由于不重视科层之间的治理，责任控制无法相互对应，和委托代理产生的信息不对称的问题，而在实践中必然出现现行廉政监督机制的制度缺陷：垂直领导体制下的集权弱化，上级监督&虚监&问题；监督组织政治权威的异化，同级监督&弱监&问题；基层单位高度集权体制下的监督虚化，内部监督&漏监&问题；惩罚失当使腐败收益上升成本降低，廉政监督&失灵&问题等四个方面的弊端。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。