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This by the Zhejiang Economic and Trade Commission, Zhejiang Banking Board in drafting the document stipulates that for the industry leading enterprises, such as a result of changes in the macroeconomic environment of external adverse factors, resulting in a sharp deterioration of the financial situation of crisis, or enterprises to provide guarantees, to honor the bond obligations, could trigger capital-strand breaks, government departments and financial institutions should help the adoption of certain measures, such as debt restructuring or other means to defuse the financial risks of such enterprises.

这份由浙江省经贸委、浙江银监局共同起草的文件规定，对于行业龙头企业因宏观经济环境变化等外部不利因素，导致财务状况急剧恶化而引发的危机，或因企业对外提供担保，履行担保义务，可能引发企业资金链断裂，政府部门和金融机构均应通过一定帮扶措施或其他债务重组等途径，化解此类企业的财务风险。

When audience face these images, it is natural to invoke the memory of source images, and it is such basic memory or source images intention that produce the reaction and confrontation to Xu's works, spur his works to enter audience's habitual recognition of images, and combine thinking with image cognition to form new interpretation of images, as to highlight the dubiety of source images and to increase the possible reinterpretation of source images, but the artist's conceptual interference is not close-ended but discloses the mechanism of contemporary image reading: i.e. the interaction between image and audience, as result such works are the presence of artistic conception but the absence of artist and that artist doesn't stress the input of personal experience into the work, but looks for the methodology of image-construction and the combination of thinking methods for creating the entity of joint between image and language.

当观众面对这些图像时，很自然地唤起对原有图像的记忆，正是这种基本记忆或原图像意图的捕捉对许昌昌的作品产生了反作用和对抗，促使作品图像进入到观众的图像识别习惯中，将思考与图像认知结合，形成新的图像阐释，既是突出原图像的可疑性，又增加了对原图像的重新解释的可能性，但艺术家的观念介入并不是封闭的，而是敞开了当代图像阅读的机制：即图像与观众的互动性，这样的作品是艺术观念在场而艺术家缺席，艺术家不强调个人生活经验进入作品，而是寻求图像构成的方法论和思维方法论的结合，创造图像与语言切合的实体。

When audience face these images, it is natural to invoke the memory of source images, and it is such basic memory or source images intention that produce the reaction and confrontation to Xus works, spur his works to enter audiences habitual recognition of images, and combine thinking with image cognition to form new interpretation of images, as to highlight the dubiety of source images and to increase the possible reinterpretation of source images, but the artists conceptual interference is not close-ended but discloses the mechanism of contemporary image reading: i.e. the interaction between image and audience, as result such works are the presence of artistic conception but the absence of artist and that artist doesnt stress the input of personal experience into the work, but looks for the methodology of image-construction and the combination of thinking methods for creating the entity of joint between image and language.

当观众面对这些图像时，很自然地唤起对原有图像的记忆，正是这种基本记忆或原图像意图的捕捉对许昌昌的作品产生了反作用和对抗，促使作品图像进入到观众的图像识别习惯中，将思考与图像认知结合，形成新的图像阐释，既是突出原图像的可疑性，又增加了对原图像的重新解释的可能性，但艺术家的观念介入并不是封闭的，而是敞开了当代图像阅读的机制：即图像与观众的互动性，这样的作品是艺术观念在场而艺术家缺席，艺术家不强调个人生活经验进入作品，而是寻求图像构成的方法论和思维方法论的结合，创造图像与语言切合的实体。

ABSTRACT After the ebb-tide of the May 4th Movement, the Chinese modern thoughts and literary circles went from relative unity towards diversity Up to the 1930's, behind the spirit transformation at the end of the twenties, Chinese modern intellectuals began to relocate and redesign their own outlooks on life and literary ideal The Lunyu School, which was led by Zhou Zuoren and Lin Yutang, mostly appeared as leisure humorous essays in some journals, such as Lun Yu, Ren Jian Shi and Yu Zhou Feng which was edited by Lin Yutang It formed an unique landscape at that time This thesis focused on the Lunyu School as the main object of my study I investigate the Lunyu School by putting it into the vertical orbit of changes of the thoughts and literary circles after the May 4th Movement, and by comparing it with the mainstream of Left-wing and other literary schools in the thirties Through the exploration of Lunyu School's political and social thoughts, literary ideas and aspects of prose creation, I pursue the life choice of some free intellectuals in the thirties, and draw psychological outline of an age of intellectuals, which was very complicated and attractive during that specified time and space When we reconsider the rights and wrongs, the merits and demerits, and the gains and losses in theory and creations of Lunyu School intellectuals, any oversimplified study method would be of"no avail but the waste of mind"Unless ample estimation of their own complexity and contradiction is made, furthermore subtly delineates quite a lot of originates which caused these complexity and contradiction, the research will not be valuable In face of the whizzed coming Left-wing movement in literature, Lunyu School acted as a reconsideration in literary modernity such reconsideration is a layer of thinking They introspected intellectuals'essential mind and enlightened reason, querying the impulsive, swift and fierce ideological trend, judging by value in the relations between individuality and society, individuality and era, literature and politics.

五四落潮后，中国现代思想界、文学界由相对统一走向分化，至二十世纪三十年代，现代知识分子经由二十年代末期的精神蜕变，开始重新定位和设计自己的人生观和文学理想。以"京兆布衣"周作人为精神领袖、以林语堂为主帅的论语派，以幽默闲适小品文相号召，在林语堂主编的一系列刊物《论语》、《人间世》、《宇宙风》上聚集，南北呼应，造成了当时文坛的一种独特景观。本论文以论语派为研究对象，将其放在五四以后文学界与思想界变动的纵向轨迹上，放在与三十年代左翼主流话语的颉颃及与其它文学流派的比照中加以考察，通过对论语派政治社会思想、文学观念及散文创作诸方面的探讨，追索三十年代一部分自由知识分子的人生选择，勾划出他们在一个特定时空里复杂又极具魅力的心理轮廓。学术界对论语派中一些主要作家已有较深入的研究，但迄今为止，尚无从整体上对这一文学流派作宏观研究的专著，而陈旧的理论视界又往往阻碍了对论语派的重新评价。

"Who,-I? You know I'm such a graceless dog that these religious aspects of such subjects don't edify me such."

谁——我吗？你知道，我是个不可救药的人，宗教对这种问题的看法对我没多大教益。

Some have such a vast appetite for the former commodity, that is, the news, and such sound digestive organs, that they can sit forever in public avenues without stirring, and let it simmer and whisper through them like the Etesian winds, or as if inhaling ether, it only producing numbness and insensibility to pain —— otherwise it would often be painful to bear —— without affecting the consciousness.

有些人，对于前一种的商品，即新闻，是胃口大，消化能力也一样大的，他们能永远一动不动地坐在街道上，听那些新闻像地中海季风般沸腾着，私语着吹过他们，或者可以说，他们像吸入了一些只是产生局部麻醉作用的乙醚，因此意识还是清醒的，苦痛却被麻痹了，——要不然有一些新闻，听到了是要使人苦痛的。

Such information is, just like other"public goods,"a kind of commodity exchanged in a special manner. In Chapter 4 the issue of the quality of accounting information, i. e., the issue of manipulating accounting information is deliberated. The rampant spread of falsified accounting information results in a serious social harm in China. The writer analyses the cause of such a phenomenon in sight of Western property economics and information economics, and points out that human selfishness, information asymmetry, moral risks and exteriority of such human behaviour and its results will eventually lead to accounting falsification. In this case, accounting falsification will be considered as a rational behaviour.

本章分析了我国虚假会计信息泛滥的种种表现及对对企业和社会的严重危害，运用西方产权经济学、信息经济学的若干理论，分析了虚假会计信息的成因，提出在缺乏制度制约的情况下，人的自利倾向、信息不对称、道德风险和人们行为及后果的外部性，使会计作假成为难以避免的、当人的理性行为。

Firstly, the thesis mainly deals with major social pension system problems of market economy such as its target and orientation, pattern and degree in the condition of market economy. Then, I analyze numerous systems that constitute the reform of social pension system such as system construction, mechanism construction and institution construction, expounding the social pension system"s reform from system, mechanism, and institution three aspects in the way of from exteriority to interiority, from far - side to near - side, from low - level to high -level.At last, I put forward specific train of thought about how to perfect the social pension system"s reform, Analyzing the specific train of thought constituting pension balance through the analysis of pension balance through the analysis of the prediction the revenue and expenditure of pension.Analyzing the particular train of thought that further adjusting and improving the basic social pension budget through real calculation and research. Analyzing the system bound and developing direction of free employees through actual research. All these have key practical and deeply strategic significance in enriching reform theory, exploring reform method, instructing reform practice, as well as promoting the coordination of society and economy.

本论文既从系统和环境的观点出发，研究了市场经济条件下养老保险改革的目标和方向、养老保险制度模式、养老保险保障程度等涉及养老保险体系基本定位的问题；又从整体和局部的关系出发，分析研究了构成养老保险改革的制度建设、机制建设和体制建设等诸多子系统，从制度、机制和体制建设三个层面由表及里，由近及远，从低层次到高层次，由微观到宏观论述养老保险改革；在此基础上，提出市场经济条件下完善养老保险改革的具体思路，通过实际测算和调研，研究基本养老金计发办法进一步调整和完善的具体思路；通过实际调研，研究灵活就业者参保的体制障碍和发展方向；通过基金收支预测实证分析，研究构建基金平衡机制的具体措施，探索论证养老保险改革思路的可行性；这对于丰富养老保险制度改革理论，探索改革思路，指导改革实践，促进社会经济协调发展，都具有重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义。

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

The coloring scheme might be as simple as "draw everything in fire-engine red," or might be as complicated as "assume the object is made out of blue plastic, that there's a yellow spotlight pointed in such and such a direction, and that there's a general low-level reddish-brown light everywhere else."

色彩设计也许是一样简单象"draw 一切在消防车红色，"或也许是一样复杂的象"assume 对象被做从蓝色塑料，那那里'一盏黄色聚光灯指向在这样和这样方向的s，和那那里's 一般低级红棕色光到处else。"

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。