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The properties of thin films have been investigated with modern analysis technique, such as AFM, SEM, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Rocking curve. And the properties of YBCO thin film and its substrate and deposition temperature have been analysed, comparing with LAO substrates crystallization quality, YBCO thin film properties, such as morphology and degree of grain alignment, was concluded to correlate with the crystal orientation uniform of LAO substrate as revealed by XRD.

本文结合AFM、SEM研究YBCO薄膜的表面形貌，XRD、FWHM分析薄膜的结晶情况，并结合成膜温度和基片的质量进行一系列结构与性能的对比研究，发现LaAlO3基片的质量对YBCO薄膜的结构完整性有很大影响，不仅影响了薄膜的c轴取向性，而且影响了YBCO的超导性能。

The first and second mother substrates are cut into unit display panels.

然后将接合的第一和第二基板切割成单元显示屏。

Chapter 4: Influence of the angle distortion induced from rhombohedral La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3 grown on the cubic substrates on the structure and transport properties of CMR thin films is carefully studied.

第四章研究菱形结构的La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3生长在立方衬底上引起的角度畸变对薄膜的微结构和电磁性质的影响。

With the narrow bandwidth of microstrip antenna, a microstrip antenna with the substrates of double negative media is designed by the software HFSS which is based on finite element method.

针对微带天线带宽较窄的问题，采用基于有限元法的HFSS软件，设计1种以双负材料为衬底的微带天线。

The evolution of strain energy with the aspect ratio (length/width) of the epitaxial structures was found to be affected by the height, the elastic constant of the substrates and the epilayers, and the symmetry of the lattice mismatch of these structures.

我们发现磊晶结构应变能随长宽比变化的方式将受到结构的高度、磊晶薄膜和基板的弹性系数、及晶格的对称性所影响。

In addition, Electrodeposit Ni in the pore of PS substrates used to prepare carbon nanotubes was performed, and a carbon nanotubes array with diameter smaller than 10nm was obtained.

采用在多孔硅中电沉积镍作催化剂进行催化热解来制备碳纳米管，获得了管径较细、具有一定取向性的碳纳米管。

Equiareal ZnO naorods with high orientation and a high aspect ratio on ZnO-coated seed substrates were fabricated from the Zn(NO3)2/NaOH supersaturated solutions; the mechanisms without and with electrical field were discussed based on the phase stability diagram for solid ZnO and the oxidation of OHˉ.

本文采用过饱和硝酸锌/氢氧化钠溶液在ZnO晶种面上制备均匀一致，取向好，长径比大的ZnO纳米棒晶薄膜；用相平衡图和羟基氧化反应讨论了无电场和电场下ZnO薄膜的沉积机理；采用了SEM、XRD、TEM、HRTEM和UV-VIS表征了薄膜的相组成、结晶形貌和透光率。

The strain JCR5 can grow on many substrates other than EE2 such as several steroid estrogens （estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol and mestranol）, intermediate chemicals in contraceptive medicine processing and some aroma chemicals.

葡萄糖、17β-雌二醇（E2）分别与EE2的共基质代谢试验表明，在共基质条件下，葡萄糖的存在对EE2的降解起到一定的促进作用，而E2的存在对EE2的降解具有一定的抑制作用。

BPA is a substrate for estrogen sulfotransferase, and bisphenol A sulfate and disulfate are substrates for estrone sulfatase.

BPA是一个雌激素磺酸转移酶的底物，且二苯A硫酸盐和脱硫酸盐是雌激素酮硫酸酯酶的底物。

On the basis of the kinetic equation of substrate reaction in the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, all microscopic kinetic constants for the free enzyme and enzyme-substrate binary and ternary complexes have been determined. The results of the present studies indicate that:①In the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, enzyme-substrate complexes lose their activity less rapidly than the free enzyme. Therefore, both substrates, NADPH and 7, 8-dihydrofolate, protect dihydrofolate reductase against inactivation.②The denaturation of dihydrofolate reductase by urea follows single-phase kinetics, and changes in enzyme activity and tertiary structure proceed simultaneously in the unfolding process, so it may be an"all or none"process.③The GdnHCl-induced unfolding of the dihydrofolate shows a biphasic transition, while the change in the enzyme activity is a single exponential process. The rate constant of inactivation is consistent with that of the fast conformational change. Therefore, the kinetic intermediate of protein unfolding should be a partially folded and inactive form.

我们根据在脲或盐酸胍存在下的底物反应动力学方程求得游离酶和酶底物二元、三元复合物的微观动力学常数，结果表明：①酶-底物二元、三元复合物的失活速度明显慢于游离酶，说明两个底物二氢叶酸和NADPH对酶的失活都具有一定程度的保护作用；②在脲作用下，酶的失活和构象变化均为单指数项过程，而且酶的活力丧失和三级结构变化是同时发生的，说明二氢叶酸还原酶的脲变性可能是一个"全或无"的两态过程；③在盐酸胍作用下，酶的构象变化为两相过程，而失活则是单指数项过程，酶分子构象变化的快相速度常数与失活速度常数基本一致，因此我们认为二氢叶酸还原酶的盐酸胍变性过程中存在一个没有活力、但仍具备一定空间结构的变性中间体。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失