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Two (111) mirror Si substrates have been scraped with diamond powder and different time length.

用金刚石粉，用不同时间在两片镜面抛光的(111)硅基片上分别打磨。

In2O3 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The structural, electrical and optical characteristics of In2O3 films were investigated by atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Hall effect measurements.

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备氧化铟薄膜，通过测试原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子谱、紫外可见分光光度计以及霍尔效应，研究了氧化铟薄膜的结构和光、电特性。

It was found that the homogeneous orientation tendency of azobenzene was a common phenomenon in the self-assembled films fabricated by electrostatic layer-by-layer dipping process of the side-chain azo polyelectrolytes and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride); substituents that link to azobenzene have influences on the orientation of azobenzene in self-assembled films,which could be attributed to charge interaction and dipolar interaction between the chromophores and the polycation substrates.

研究表明，侧链型偶氮聚电解质自组装膜中偶氮生色团普遍存在一定程度的沿面取向。偶氮生色团所带端基的类型对其在自组装膜中的取向程度有较大的影响，这主要取决于偶氮生色团与聚阳离子基底的电荷相互作用和极性相互作用等。

It was found that the homogeneous oriention tendency of azobenzene was a common phenomenon in the self-assembled films fabriemed by electrostatic layer-by-layer dipping process of the side-chain azo polyeleetrolytes and poly (diallyldimethyl armnonium chloride):suhstituents that link to azobenzene have influences on the orientmion of azobenzene in self-assembled films,which could be attributed to charge interaction and dipolar interaction between the ehromophores and the polycation substrates.

研究表明，侧链型偶氮聚电解质自组装膜中偶氮生色团普遍存在一定程度的沿面取向。偶氮生色团所带端基的类型对其在自组装膜中的取向程度有较大的影响，这主要取决于偶氮生色团与聚阳离子基底的电荷相互作用和极性相互作用等。

When the adsorbates adsorbed on the substrate, the characteristics of the surface of the substrates maybe varied, the SERS spectrum of adsorbates may be different. This makes the analyses difficult.

当分子吸附在基底上时，如果基底表面的性质发生变化，吸附物的SERS光谱也会随之发生变化，这就使得光谱的分析变得困难。

The common analytical method is to hypothesize the adsorption orientation, geometry configuration and adsorption essence of adsorbates on the surface of substrates based on the shift of Raman bands, enhancement or weakness of intensity.

传统的分析方法是根据拉曼峰的频移以及拉曼峰的增强或减弱来猜测吸附物吸附在基底上的吸附取向、几何结构和吸附的本质，等等。

Detailed knowledge of the chemisorption of atoms and molecules on the surfaces would be very useful to gain some insight into the nature of the interaction between adsorbates and substrates and to understand the corresponding catalytic processes.

对原子或分子在金属表面的吸附行为进行理论研究，将有助于我们理解吸附物与底物之间相互作用的本质，从理论的角度验证实验结果并对实验现象进行解释，提供部分实验工作者无法观测到的重要信息，这些结果无疑将有利于应用研究。

Klx. Heterotrophic aerobes in the wastewater played a main role on the removal of total sugar, but the rate of total sugar removal of Spirulina was very low. It was calculated that a certain concentration of sugar substrates was not to be utilized by organisms.

废水中的好氧异养细菌对总糖的去除起了主要作用，而螺旋藻去除总糖的速率很低，并推算出废水中存在着一定浓度的不可生物降解的糖类物质。

The removal of arsenic from solution has relied mostly on precipitation and adsorption processes and it has been considered that arsenic is the oxidation state that leads to the most effective removal by precipitation since the simple metal arsenates generally have lower solubility than the arsenites, and also arsenate is more strongly adsorbed on certain substrates, but this is pH dependent.

从溶液中去除砷主要依赖沉淀和吸附过程，并且要考虑+5价砷是氧化态，会导致通过沉淀最有效去除砷，因为简单的金属砷酸盐比亚砷酸盐一般有更低的溶解度，并且砷酸盐在特定情况下有更强的吸附能力，但是这取决于 pH 值。

Autotrophs, the main producers in most terrestrial ecosystems, use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substrates to produce organic molecules from inorganic ones.

生产者 自养生物——大多数陆地生态系统的主要生产者，利用太阳能或无机物质氧化作用的能量，使无机分子成为有机分子。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失