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The effects of electroplated Ni layer and electroless plated Ni-P layer on the diffusion behavior in Sn-Ag/Cu solder joint were studied. The results by EPMA analysis showed that the electroless plated Ni-P layer acted as a good diffusion barrier between Sn-Ag solder and Cu substrate. However, the electroplated Ni layer can not hinder the inter-diffusion and reaction between molten Sn-Ag solder and Cu substrate when reflowing, and there was a layer of IMC (Cu6Sn5) at interface of Sn-Ag/C u solder joint.

摘 要：研究了电镀Ni层和化学镀Ni-P合金层对Sn-Ag/Cu焊点扩散行为的影响，电子探针分析表明：化学镀Ni-P合金层能很好地阻止Sn-Ag/Cu焊点在焊接过程中的Cu，Sn互扩散和相互反应；而电镀Ni层则不能阻止Sn-Ag/Cu焊点在焊接过程中的Cu，Sn互扩散和相互反应，界面反应产物仍以Cu6Sn5为主。

Plastic material used in the production business card printing and membership card making business already has several decades of history, as the UV ink/gloss, plastic substrate for UV ink business card printing and membership card making to business card printing and membership card factory and ink manufacturers came up with the biggest problem is how to make a UV ink/varnish Remover adhension in the plastic substrate surface, that is, the demon.

塑料承印质料搁置在制卡和会员卡制作行业洋已有几十年汗青，随著uv油不朱/平油的风行，在塑料承印物上举行uv油不朱制卡和会员卡制作给制卡和会员卡制作厂和油不朱厂家提议了陈的课题，最不小题目是如何使uv油不朱/平油不结实不天黏附在塑料承印物暗不天，即附著性题目。

The vanadium oxide films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectra . It is found that the formation of vanadium oxide films was affected by substrate temperature and annealing time, because high substrate temperature and annealing were favorable to further oxidation.

采用X-射线衍射和X-射线光电子能谱对钒氧化物进行了表征，发现钒氧化物薄膜的形成受衬底温度和退火时间的影响，因为衬底温度以及退火有利于进一步氧化。

An electron emission device includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other and forming a vacuum vessel.

一种电子发射装置，包括互相面对并且形成真空区域的第一衬底和第二衬底。

The tray includes a substrate frame that can receive a substrate, and the tray holder is coupled with a drive shaft for transferring the tray in the vertical position to a mask for vapor deposition.

该托盘包括能够容纳基板的基板框，并且该托盘固定器与驱动轴连接，以将垂直位置的托盘传送到用于汽相淀积的罩板。

But Lovelock saw that if you had a vast network of coevolutionary impulses, such that no creatures could escape creating its own substrate and the substrate its own creatures, then the web of coevolution spread around until it closed a circuit of self-making and self-control.

洛夫洛克别认为，如果你拥有一张具有共同进化冲力的巨大的网，一张任何生物都逃避不了编织自身及其产物基质的网，那么，这张进化之网就会播撒开来直至它关闭自我制造和自我控制的回路。

But Lovelock saw that if you had a vast network of coevolutionary impulses, such that no creatures could escape creating its own substrate and the substrate its own creatures, then the web of coevolution spread around until it closed a circuit of self-making and self-control.

他认为，假使有一张具有共同进化冲力的大网，它网罗所有生物使无可逃遁地为它织造扩展所需的基质，而且这基质不断地增殖的话，这个共同进化的网络就会向周围扩展直到封闭成为一个自给自足、自我控制的轮回。

But Lovelock saw that if you had a vast network of coevolutionary impulses, such that no creatures could escape creating its own substrate and the substrate its own creatures, then the web of coevolution spread around until it closed a circuit of self-making and self-control.

但洛夫洛克别有见地，他认为，假使有一张具有共同进化冲劲的大网，它网罗所有生物使其无可逃遁，生物创造自身存活所在的基质，而基质又创造存活其中的生物，这个共同进化的网络就会向周围扩展直到封闭成为一个自给自足、自我控制的轮回。

But Lovelock saw that if you had a vast network of coevolutionary impulses, such that no creatures could escape creating its own substrate and the substrate its own creatures, then the web of coevolution spread around until it closed a circuit of self-making and self-control.

但洛夫洛克别有见地，他认为，假使有一张具有共同进化冲力的大网，它网罗所有生物使无可逃遁地成为它织造扩展所需的基质，而且这基质不断地增殖的话，这个共同进化的网络就会向周围扩展直到封闭成为一个自给自足、自我控制的轮回。

Cold places like cold stone substrate, transparency, quality nourish, low hardness, gloss strong line better varieties; soft ground nearly frozen to substrate, but the lack of transparency; just manner, then the hardness high, often with quartz quality of sand screw; hard the worst quality, hardness, opacity, gloss weak, often more impurities, and rock in the gravel. 3, defects, including impurities and cracks in the stone.

冻地的底质似冻石、透明度高、质细润、硬度低、光泽强，系较佳品种；软地的底质接近冻地，但透明度不足；刚地，则硬度偏高，常含石英质砂钉；硬地的品质最差、硬度大、不透明、光泽弱，常有较多杂质和围岩中的砂砾。3、瑕疵，包括石中的杂质和裂纹。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。