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In this dissertation, the practical significance and the recent development of non-phosgene synthesis of N-substituted carbamates are reviewed briefly, as well as the application of ionic liquids in catalysis.

本论文综述了非光气合成N-取代氨基甲酸酯类化合物的现实意义和研究进展，以及离子液体在催化反应中的应用。

Herein, the research ideas of the present work, i.e., the clean syntheses of N-substituted carbamates from amines and alkyl carbamates are derived. Different catalytic systems are introduced, and their activities are also investigated at the same time.

由此确定了以小分子氨基甲酸烷基酯取代光气与有机胺合成N-取代氨基甲酸酯的研究方向，引入并考察了不同催化体系的催化活性。

Among the non-phosgene synthesis of isocyanate presented, the most promising one is the thermal decomposition of N-substituted carbamates. Unfortunately, this kind of compound is also mainly produced from phosgene or phosgene derivatives in industry.

中文摘要在目前所报导的非光气合成异氰酸酯路线中，N-取代氨基甲酸酯热裂解法是最具有应用前景的一条途径，然而这类化合物的工业化生产也是以光气法为主。

Eleven α-V-group cation-substituted toluenes (1) and acetophenones (2)were synthesized. The equilibrium acidities of these compounds were determined indimethyl sulfoxide solution by the "Overlapping Indicator Method" and the homolytic C-Hbond dissociation energies were derived from a thermodynamic cycle combining pKawith oxidation potential of carbanion.

合成了α-位有第V、Ⅵ主族元素杂正离子取代基的甲苯系列（1）和苯乙酮系列（2）共11个Ylide前体化合物，用重迭指示剂法首次测定了其在二甲亚矾溶剂中的酸性解离常数PKa，同时结合碳负离子氧化电位的测定，通过热力学循环估测了它们的气相均裂键能。

Carbons 1 and 2 are substituted by fatty acids and carbon 3 by phosphorylcholine.

在1位和2位碳原子上的羟基被脂肪酸取代，3位碳原子上的羟基被磷酸胆碱取代。

Because substituted anilines have Lewis acid or Lewis base group, extractions with complexing agent was conducted.

由于取代苯胺都具有Lewis酸性或Lewis碱性官能团，采用相应的络合剂进行了络合萃取的研究。

After the sodium in titantes was substituted completely by hydrogen ion in dilute acid and annealed, nanostructured titanium dioxides anatase, TiO2(B and rutile retained the morphologies in titante state were obtained.

将产物以稀酸溶液进行完全的氢离子取代并加以热处理后，可得到维持原来钛酸盐阶段形貌的二氧化钛(锐钛矿、B型二氧化钛或金红石相)奈米结构。

The results as mentioned above showed that dopants were simultaneously substituted for V〓 and Pb〓.

上述测试结果显示掺杂离子对Pb〓和V〓是同时取代的，只是随着掺杂离子浓度增加，晶体中V〓浓度减小。

The Nylon-6/clay has a high solid configuration, it can be substituted for metal in manufacturing product, when Nylon-6/clay is applied to the turbofan, it can improve the hardness of the blades, which means it can improve the heat and abrasive endurances. When it substitutes for metal in manufacturing product, it can improve the process speed lower the cost, and recycling more efficiently.

Nylon 6奈米复合材料有高强度结构，可取代部份金属材质产品，将Nylon 6应用於压缩风扇可提升风扇叶片的强度，并且耐高温、耐磨度强，将金属制程压缩风扇设计变更为Nylon 6奈米复合材料制成，可提升生产速度，以及降低生产成本，并且回收较容易。

Full length LMP2A cDNA was firstly incised from pGEM-T-LMP2A with EcoR Ⅰ, Sma Ⅰ digestion, and then inserted into eucaryote. expression plasmid pCIcc controlled by CMV promoter. The CMV-LMP2A-SV40 expression unit was digested by ClaI, and inserted into E1-substituted adenovirus vector pAx1cw. Then the LMP2A recombinant adenovirus vector was cotransfected into 293 cells together with EcoT22I digested Ad5-TPC.

将带有LMP2A cDNA的重组质粒pGEM-T-LMP2A用EcoR Ⅰ、Sma Ⅰ双酶切下LMP2A cDNA，并将其插入含同样酶切位点的真核表达质粒pCIcc中，使其受控于CMV启动子下；用ClaI切下CMV-LMP2A-SV40表达单元，插入E1、E3区替代的腺病毒载体pAX1CW，选择正确的克隆pAX1CW-LMP2A与Ad5 DNA-末端肽复合体共转染293细胞，通过同源重组获得复制缺陷型的重组腺病毒(Ad5-LMP2A)。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。