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The invention relates to a method for the extraction of keratin from dead animal skins, characterised in the treatment of dead animal skins with a substance of general formula, or at least one corresponding alkali metal, earth alkali metal, ammonium, or phosphonium salt, the variables having the following definitions: R, R = together or independently, H, C6-C14 aryl, C1-C12 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or several SH or OH groups, R, R = together or independently, H, C6-C14 aryl, C1-C12 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or several SH or OH groups, whereby at least one of R or R is not H, or R and R are not H and two vicinal groups of R to R together may be C3-C10 alkylene, R = H, C1-C12 alkyl, H-C=O or C1-C4-Alkyl-C=O, X, X, X and X = OH, SH or NHR, whereby where Rto R contains at least one sulphur atom, at least one of X to X = SH and where R to R contains no sulphur atom, at least two of X to X= SH.

本发明涉及一种从死亡动物原皮中除去角质的方法，其特征在于用通式I的物质或至少一种对应的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐或∴盐处理死亡动物原皮，式I中各变量定义如下：R 1 和R 4 相同或不同且选自氢、C 6 -C 14 芳基和C 1 -C 12 烷基，其未被取代或被一个或多个SH或OH基团取代；R 2 和R 3 相同或不同且选自氢、C 6 -C 14 芳基和C 1 -C 12 烷基，其未被取代或被一个或多个SH或OH基团取代，其中至少一个基团R 2 或R 3 不为氢，或R 1 和R 4 不为氢，且两个相邻基团R 1 -R 4 可以一起为C 3 -C 10 亚烷基；R 5 选自氢、C 1 -C 12 烷基、H-C＝O或C 1 -C 4 烷基-C＝O；X 1 、X 2 、X 3 和X 4 选自OH、SH和NHR 5 ，其中若R 1 -R 4 含有至少一个硫原子，则至少一个基团X 1 -X 4 为SH，以及若R 1 -R 4 不含硫原子，则至少两个基团X 1 -X 4 为SH。

One element may be substituted for another in a compound, the substituted element being set free.

在一种化合物里，一种元素可以取代另一种元素，而被取代的元素就被释出。

The starting material substituted cyclohexyl benzoic acid was prepared from substituted phenyl ethanones by bromoform reactions...

起始原料取代的环己基苯甲酸由取代的苯乙酮经溴仿反应得到。

Cinnabarinus at 150 mg/L.The influences on bioactivity of substituted pyrazole and pyrimidine were discussed respectively: pyrazoles substituted with phenyls at 3 position had higher activity than thiophen and compounds with R_1=methyl had higher activity than that with R_1= hydrogen, pyrimidines substituted with methyl at 2 (R_3) and 5 (R_3) position and phenyl at 6 position were most active.

本论文对吡唑及嘧啶取代基对活性的影响分别进行了讨论，可知：吡唑3位为取代苯基的化合物杀菌活性优于取代噻吩的，吡唑4位(R_1)为甲基的杀菌活性高于R_1为氢的活性；嘧啶的2位(R_3)为甲基，5位(R_1)为甲基，6位为无取代基的苯基时活性最好。

The value of current density and the apparent active energy of electroreduction of substituted nitrobenzene depend on the electronic effect of substituted group and space resistance. o,m,p-chloronitrobenzene will be electroreduced to azoxy compounds by taking three electrons, o,m-nitrotoulene and o,m-nitrobenzoic acid will be reduced to phenol compounds by taking four electrons, and p-nitrotoulene will be reduced to the aniline by taking six electrons. According to these results, the electroreduction mechanism of the substituted aryl nitro-compounds was studied in detail.

在电还原过程中，还原峰电流和表观活化能的大小均与取代基的电子效应和空间位阻相关，同时取代硝基氯苯得3个电子将还原生成氧化偶氮苯类化合物：邻、间硝基甲苯、硝基苯甲酸得4个电子将还原生成酚类化合物；对硝基甲苯得6个电子将还原生成胺类化合物，在此基础上，探讨了各芳族硝基化合物的电还原机理。

The polymers substituted with hexyl and octyl on phenylene also show a nematic phase, however, the nematic phase disappears for the polymer substituted with decyl. The polymers substituted with alkoxy on phenylene self-organize into a lamellar structure, and their phase behavior shows obvious dependence on the alkoxy length.

苯环上烷基、烷氧基取代的聚合物都具有纤维状的特征形貌，当烷基、烷氧基碳原子数为6时在高温都存在一个向列液晶相，当烷基碳原子数增加到10时液晶相消失，而烷氧基碳原子数增加到12时该向列液晶相仍然存在。

With it, simple, mechanistically significant and highly predictive QSAR models were developed. These QSARs successfully model and predict the short-term phytotoxicity of substituted phenols involved both polar narcosis and bio-reactivity, the growth inhibition toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae of substituted nitrobenzenes with mixed mechanisms of toxic action based on electrophilicity and the growth inhibition toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae of large set of substituted benzenes with complex molecular structures and multiple mechanisms of action.

应用响应曲面分析方法建立了形式简单、意义明确并且具有高度预测性的QSAR模型，成功地预测了具有多种毒性机制的取代苯酚对高等植物的短期生长抑制毒性、具有多种亲电反应性机制的取代硝基苯对酿酒酵母菌生长抑制的反应性毒性以及结构复杂、机制多样的78种取代苯衍生物对酿酒酵母菌生长抑制毒性。

To discover new strobilurin analogues with high pesticidal activity, a series of new strobilurin derivatives containing substituted pyrazole and pyrimide ring, which included 124 novel compounds (73 compounds containing substituted pyrazole ring and 51 compounds containing substituted pyrimide ring) were designed and synthesized. In addition, 36 new intermediates were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by ~1H NMR and elemental analysis, partial compounds were characterized by MS and IR once again.

为了发现具有更好生物活性的新型Strobilurin类化合物，本论文在详尽总结文献的基础上，设计并合成了含吡唑和嘧啶环的新型Strobilurin类化合物124个，其中含吡唑环的新型Strobilurin类化合物73个，含嘧啶环的新型Strobilurin类化合物51个；未见文献报道的中间体36个，所合成的化合物经过~1H NMR、IR、LC-MS或元素分析等确定了结构。

To discover new strobilurin analogues with high pesticidal activity, a series of new strobilurin derivatives containing substituted pyrazole and pyrimide ring, which included 124 novel compounds (73 compounds containing substituted pyrazole ring and 51 compounds containing substituted pyrimide ring) were designed and synthesized. In addition, 36 new intermediates were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR and elemental analysis, partial compounds were characterized by MS and IR once again.

为了发现具有更好生物活性的新型Strobilurin类化合物，本论文在详尽总结文献的基础上，设计并合成了含吡唑和嘧啶环的新型Strobilurin类化合物124个，其中含吡唑环的新加热管型Strobilurin类化合物73个，含嘧啶环的新型Strob 加热管 ilurin类化合物51个；未见文献报道的中间体36个，所合成的化合物经过1H NMR、IR、LC-MS或元素分析等确定了结构。

Autocorrelation topological study on the acute toxicities of substituted aromatic compound s;2. The autocorrelation topological researches on slow and acutetoxicities of substituted aromatic compound s to scenedesmus ubliquus, rat and so on;3. Results show that the SW and KOW of the substituted aromatic compound s could be better forecasted at AM1 level.

应用分子力学方法MM+和半经验量子化学AM1、MNDO和PM3法得到了54种取代芳烃的优势构象，在此基础上结合分子图形学技术，获得相应优化构象的电子结构参数和几何结构参数，并将这些参数与取代芳烃的辛醇/水分配系数和溶解度相关联。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。