查询词典 subsidence of a swelling

For each strategy, a corresponding exploitation plan of groundwater was designed. Then each designed exploitation plan (except scheme 3) was put into the model for calculation and simulation. The analysis on the forecasting results every plan indicates that:(1) Shuting down the self-provided wells is the most direct and effective method, playing an important role in the land subsidence prevention.(2) The resumption of compressed soil by groundwater artificial recharge is limited. So the artificial recharge can\'t provide essential effect for the resumption of land subsidence, unless the artificial recharge is much more than the groundwater withdrawal.(3) The method of "adjusting the exploitation stratum of groundwater to the shallow" has an obvious effect on the land subsidence prevention.(4)"Sand wells" can increase the leakage recharge for confined aquifer, and thus can slow and prevent the development of the land subsidence.(5) For the groundwater exploitation in Xi\'an, emergency self-provided wells should be managed according to the well spacing of 1600m, 2000m and 1600m, respectively, in the river terrace area, alluvial-proluvial fan area and loess tableland area to exploit the first confined groundwater. Corresponding individual well yield can be set as 2500m~3/d, 1500 m~3/d and 200 m~3/d. Make emergency self-provided wells pump in the dry year and stop pumping groundwater to restore and conserve underground water sources in average years and wet years. In this way, groundwater withdrawal of 162000m~3/d can be obtained to provide for the supplement of water supply in Xi\'an. As a result, the water supply stress can be released in dry years. The groundwater depression formed in the exploiting year can resume in 3-4 years. At the same time, this exploitation manner will not lead to obvious land subsidence.

本文利用所建的模型预测了现状开采条件下未来20年的地下水位和地面沉降的变化，在此基础上，提出了防治西安市地面沉降的五个地下水开采方案，利用所建的地面沉降模型对各个设计方案其进行了模拟和预报，对预测结果的分析表明：①封停自备井是防治地面沉降最为直接和最有效的对策，对防治地面沉降起着最为积极的作用；②采用人工回灌方法使被压缩的土层得到的恢复是非常有限的，对地面沉降不能起到根治作用，只有回灌量明显大于开采量时才能有一定的效果；③&调整开采层次，在浅层取水&对防治地面沉降的效果十分明显；④布设&砂井&可以增加对承压含水层的越流补给量，从而可以有效地缓解和控制地面沉降的发生和发展；⑤对西安市的地下水开采，可在河流阶地区、冲洪积扇区和黄土塬区分别采用1600m、2000m、1600m的井间距布置应急自备井，分别采用2500m~3/d、1500 m~3/d和200 m~3/d的单井开采量，开采第一承压水，在平水年或者丰水年不开采，涵养地下水源，在枯水年启动这些应急自备井开采，在输出分析范围内共可获得162000 m~3/d(5913万m~3/a)开采量，可以有效地补充西安市的供水水源，缓解供水紧张局面，开采年开采导致的下降的水位可在停采3～4年后得到基本恢复，同时，这种开采方式不会造成大的地面沉降量。

Tectonic subsidence play dominant role in their geometric shapes, basin fillings, sequence evolution and sediment distribution in the Wushi Sag. Outline of the sequences are in shape of box-wedge or sheet-wedge and boundaries of sequences are varied from bilateral fault to monoclinal fault overlap, so that the sequences show distinct semigrabens which overlay in different ways. Seven sequences were formed in different stage of tectonic evolution. The sequence of SQ1 formed in initial rift stage and deposited alluvial sequence. Sequences SQ2-SQ4 developed in intense rift stage and sediment lacustrine sequence. Sequences SQ5-SQ7 formed in late period of rift before thermal subsidence and deposit mere and delta sediment. The place adjacent to the synsedimentary fault is the subsidence center and depocenter; meanwhile, controlling fracture migrates in horizontal made subsidence and sedimentary center of the sag changed.

构造沉降是控制层序几何形态，充填叠置方式、演化及沉积体系分布的最重要因素：凹陷由多个半地堑在不同层序发育时期以不同方式叠置联结而成；受断层控制，层序外部形态有箱状-楔形、楔形-席状披覆型，边界终止方式有双断终止型、单断终止超覆型；不同构造演化阶段层序内部充填的沉积体系各具特征，初始断陷阶段的SQ1沉积冲积层序，强烈断陷阶段的SQ2-SQ4充填湖相层序，晚期断陷阶段SQ5-SQ7内部充填浅湖和河流三角洲沉积；同沉积断层陡坡带沉降迅速、可容纳空间快速增长，是凹陷的沉积和沉降中心，断陷期主控断裂活动时间和空间的变化导致了凹陷沉积和沉降中心的迁移。

The rate of subsidence has been decreasing from area near vertex of delta to the coastal zone and some place is even rising, particularly in the early formed area. What is the different in the coastal is that the rate of subsidence is still high and can sustain a long time. This is because the land subsidence in the delta is mainly caused by the consolidation of sediments if there is no human activity. Especially in the newly formed area, Qingshuigou sub-delta, the rate of subsidence was more than 50 mm/a in the begining and now is still higher than 10 mm/a. When the newly sediments discharged by the Yellow River landed on the subaquatic delta, its load can drive the concolidation of the silt, which is on the surface of the Bohai seafloor. The rate of consolidation of the silt will be decreasing quickly in the first years, but still a long time in the later time with a slow rate.

研究结果表明：现代黄河三角洲在以宁海为顶点的河口扇形区域，近期均经历了不同程度的地表下沉过程，但是随区域地理位置和时间的不同，地表变化空间差异性比较明显；三角洲顶点附近区域的下沉速率自上世纪末开始逐渐减小，后期甚至出现轻微的抬升；滨海沿岸附近地区的地表形变特征相对比较复杂，各期叶瓣相互叠置及其各类沉积物的不均匀分配，使由沉积物自然固结压实引起的地表形变具有显著的空间差异；目前，除清水沟流路叶瓣表现为快速沉降以外，其它滨海沿岸区基本上都表现为微弱的下沉。

Moreover, the subsidence event of this area occurred from 1996, and tended to cease after 2000. The rapid change of subsidence rate and the circular-shape of subsidence distribution illustrate that the artificial influences, for example, groundwater pumping may be important factors for the land subsidence of the Jungli area.

另外，本区下陷事件大约从1996年开始发生，至2000年以后方才逐渐趋缓；由於明显的下陷速率变化，以及近圆形的变形分布，本区的地层下陷极有可能是地下水抽取所引起。

When key stratum is under control of elastic or plastic in the form of elastic ground panel or beam, surface subsidence belongs to bended subsidence. When key stratum is of demolition and movement, surface subsidence belongs to fractured subsidence.

如何对岩层移动中地表沉陷等采动损害进行有效控制，关键在于了解岩层移动的动态变化过程，了解对地表移动起控制作用的岩层的变形破断规律，及其运动过程中与地表移动的相互耦合作用关系。

Based on the analysis of the factors caused land subsidence, the internal mechanism and development process of land subsidence caused by two mainly factors of dewatering and underground mining have been studyed in this thesis. The random medium model and methods have been established to calculate the land subsidence and deformation caused by dewatering or underground minging and both of them. The prediction problem of land subsidence and deformation caused by single factor and many factors has been solved.

本文在分析引起地面沉降原因的基础上，针对引起地面沉降变形的主要因素——地下水疏降和固体矿物开采，分析、研究了其引起地面沉降变形的内在机理和发展过程，推导出地下水疏降和地下固体矿物开采引起的地面沉降变形计算的随机介质模型，给出了具体的计算方法和计算步骤，并将固体矿物开采和岩土体疏水等导致地表沉降视为相互独立的事件，解决了固体矿物开采和地下水疏降共同作用下的地面沉降变形的线性叠加计算问题。

The results showed that the three straight lines model could fit the soil shrinking and swelling characteristic curves well. The characteristic values of the curves were smaller than 1. This indicated that during the processes of soil swelling and shrinking, the change of the soil specific volume was smaller than that of the soil water content. Values of the geometry factors of four soils studied were equal to 1 at the beginning of shrinking, less than 3 and greater than 1 at other swelling-shrinking phases. The geometry factor values in different phases showed that soil swelling-shrinking was anisotropic and only subsidence occurred at the beginning of shrinking.

结果显示：三直线模型能够很好地拟合4种土壤的收缩、膨胀过程；土壤收缩、膨胀曲线各段的特征值均小于1，这说明土壤胀缩过程中土壤容积的变化速率小于含水量的变化速率；4种土壤胀缩过程中几何因子r大于1而小于3，且收缩初期几何因子r等于1，表明土壤的胀缩是各向异性的，并且在土壤收缩的最初阶段只有垂直收缩。

The apparent degree of network chains for the different swollen extent of the same unswollen hydrogel sample increased linearly with the increase of swelling ratio, however, the apparent modulus did not decrease monotonously with the increase of swelling ratio. Furthermore, the dependence of apparent degree of network chains on swelling ratio had nothing to do with the swelling agent. The above results reflected the changes of entanglement and the contribution of entanglement under different swelling ratio, and the results could be explained with the theory of Flory-Erman's constrained junction model and LangleyGraessley relation.

发现同一水凝胶样品的不同溶胀程度试样经应力应变测试得出的表观网链密度随体积溶胀率的增加而线性增加，等效模量并不随溶胀程度的增加而单调减小，而表观网链密度的溶胀程度依赖性与所选用的溶胀剂无关，该结果反映了不同溶胀程度下缠结的变化及缠结对弹性的不同贡献，并可由Flory-Erman的constrained junction模型及Langley-Graessley公式得到解释。

But when we mine commensuration groundwater, the falling velocity water level and range of the deep hydrous stratum are bigger than the shallow hydrous stratum. And the quantity of subsidence is not obvious different. 2. Analyzing the relation between the stratum of groundwater and land subsidence, with the depth of aquifer bed increased, the proportion that the released water because of compressibility of strata possessed become bigger, and it cause land subsidence more serious. 3. The physical and mechanical properties and the consolidation state of stratum do not become better with the depth increased.

依据： ①一般情况下，随深度增加，地层的压缩性会渐下；但是开采同量的地下水，其水位下降的速率及幅度深部含水组比浅部含水组要大的多，两者引起的沉降量不会有明显的差别；②从地下水开采资源组成与地面沉降关系分析，含水层深度越深，其中的压密释水量所占的比例也越大，造成的地面沉降也越严重；③地层的物理力学性质及固结状态，随深度的增加，也不完全是越来越好。

Facing up surface subsidence damage and casualty caused by exploitation of underground mineral resources, using topological analysis, information disposal of GIS, combined with probability integral computation model, surface subsidence predicting program model based on GIS is set up, and new surface subsidence predicting program is developed.

针对地下矿产资源开采诱发的地表沉陷灾害，利用GIS的拓扑分析、信息处理功能，并与概率积分方法计算模型相结合，建立了基于GIS的地表沉陷预计程序模型构架，开发了新的地表沉陷预计程序。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。