查询词典 subsequently

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速，应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等，其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法，它又称病毒介导的酶／药物前体疗法，是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中，该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物，从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞，常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因，前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物，然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷，作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂，干扰细胞DNA的合成；后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU），然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸（5-FUTP）和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸（5-FdUTP），5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成，5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶，导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成，最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

This information was subsequently used to promote and reinforce similar nonoperative rehabilitation protocols for these injuries in humans.

这一结论后来也常常被引用，作为类似的非手术康复计划在人类相关损伤中应用的理论依据。

Methods: The human KDR promoter (-225 bp~+127 bp) was cloned by PCR. Subsequently, a recombinant adenoviral plasmid carrying KDR promoter for the HSV-tk gene was constructed with the AdEasy system. As a control, the plasmid pAdCMV-tk carrying CMV promoter for the HSV-tk gene was also constructed. 293 packaging cells were transfected by both newly-constructed plasmids and the infectious viruses AdKDR-tk and AdCMV-tk were generated. Then the KDR-producing cells and the KDR nonproducing cells (HepG2) were infected with AdKDR-tkand AdCMV-tk, followed by ganciclovir administration.

应用PCR克隆出人KDR基因启动子序列－225bp~+127bp，以AdEasy system为载体，构建携带受KDR启动子或CMV启动子调控tk基因表达的2种重组腺病毒质粒pAdKDR-tk和pAdCMV-tk，在293细胞中包装、扩增后，体外感染表达KDR的脐静脉血管内皮细胞系HUVEC和不表达KDR的肝癌细胞系HepG2，并给予不同浓度的丙氧鸟苷处理，5d后收集存活细胞并计数。

Company research and technological power, and with famous scientific research institutes to establish long-term technology partnership, with full absorption of Italy, Germany, the United States, law, such as advanced technology and world-class scientific research on the foundation, give full play to "ocote people" wisdom, after years of painstaking research and development, in 1998 launched the first Chinese shoes like computer cutting machine, and obtained Chinese patent for the product and subsequently continued with the introduction of the first Chinese apparel computer cutting, China's first CD Units Paper Machine, China's first computer carton Carton Units proofer, plotter, such as Jay-Jay series of products and to obtain the product of Chinese patents, by the broad masses of the footwear industry, garment industry, the advertising industry, printing industry, the luggage industry manufacturers, such as preferences and praise.

公司科研技术实力雄厚，并与国外著名科研院所建立长期技术合作关系，在充分吸收意、德、美、法等世界一流先进技术和科研成果的基础上，充分发挥&奥科人&的聪明才智，经过多年苦心研制开发，于1998年推出了中国第一台鞋样电脑切割机，并且获得了该产品的中国专利权，其后相续推出了中国第一台服装电脑裁床，中国第一台裁皮机，中国第一台纸箱纸盒电脑打样机，绘图仪等奥科系列产品，并且获得了该产品的中国专利权，受到广大鞋业、服装业、广告业、印刷业、箱包业等厂家的喜好和好评。

The research applied landscape ecology, integrating land using, ecology networks, and the concept of human needed environment model addressed by Odum to build natural and cultural criteria which are used to decide natural factorsand cultural factors. Subsequently, applying the criteria and planning procedures to category land into agricultural and non-agricultural areas. The agriculture areas include basic grain production areas, and leisure agriculture areas. The non- agriculture areas include agriculture of river corridor ecology restoration areas and remnant cultivates lands. Above all, remnant cultivated lands are separated into wilderness, parks or indefinite areas because of different context.

本研究运用之理念包括地景生态学、整合土地使用、生态网络及Odum提出四种人类需求环境模型；据以研拟自然及人文面原则，进行自然因子(NDVI值、坡度、高度、土壤等)及人文因子之准则建构；再依准则及划设流程规划出农业及非农业区域二类型，其中农业类型包括基础粮食生产区、休闲农业区，非农业区包括河廊农业生态复育区及剩余耕地，其中剩余耕地又依背景因子不同划设为荒野化、公园化或模糊区使用。

All patients had a baseline ophthalmologic examination and subsequently a complete ophthalmologic examination after ocular complications developed.

所有患者都接受了基线眼科检查，在出现眼部并发症后又接受了1次全面的眼科检查。

Subsequently, Yinshan orogenic belt and a good many metallic mineral resources were formed and frequent earthquakes happened.

在这里不仅导致了阴山造山带的形成，而且聚集了诸多的金属矿产资源，地震亦频繁活动。

Three main methods with lacustrine carbonates have been used to reconstruct the lake water palaeo-temperature at present. First, the technique of isotopic geological thermometer, since being put forward to reconstruct sea-water paleo-temperature, was subsequently introduced into lacustrine carbonate sediments for constructing lake-water based upon the function relationship between lake-water temperature and the oxygen isotopic compositions of lacustrine carbonate and lake-water. Second, paleo-temperature of the lake-water can be reconstructed by determining Mg/Ca values of the lacustrine ostracode shells. And third, paleo-temperature of the lake-water can be reconstructed based upon the statistic model between the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine carbonate and the Lake-water temperature by testing the modem hydrogeological parameters and some relevant isotopic data of the lake basin.

目前利用湖泊碳酸盐对湖泊古水温进行重建主要有三种方式，一是运用同位素地质温度计原理，利用水温与湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素值和湖水氧同位素值三者之间的函数关系，对湖泊古水温做定量研究；二是通过测定介壳[Mg(上标 2+)]/[Ca(上标 2+)]进而重建古水温；三是通过测定湖泊流域范围内现代水文气象参数及一些相关的同位素资料直接建立起湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素值与温度间的统计模型。

Chaudhry was subsequently placed under house arrest -- outraging many Pakistanis, in addition to the country's attorneys.

Chaudhry随后被安置在房子里――除了这个国家的律师以外，还激怒了很多巴基斯坦平民。

The Olympic anthem was composed by Spiros Samara, based on the words of Kostas Palama, for the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens in 1896. It was played again in 1906, but subsequently replaced by anthems specially commissioned for the Olympic ceremonies

1896年在雅典第1届奥运会开幕式上，国王乔治一世宣布奥运会开幕以后，合唱队唱起一首庄严而动听的歌曲《奥林匹克圣歌》，国际奥委会在1958年于东京举行的第55次全会上最后确定其作为奥林匹克会歌。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷