查询词典 submerged reef

In the paper, Professor Zhao's historical course engaged in coral reef study and academic results are reviewed: he established the representative section for geological research on Quaternary coral reef, developed engineering geology research on coral reef, elaborated systematically landform development rules of coral reef in the South China Sea, uncovered certain paleo-oceanographical conditions and the new tectonic movement features, studied the historical climate recorded by lagoon of coral reef in the South China Sea and marine geography of coral reef for the first time, investigated comprehensively the only fringing reef of the seacoast of South China continent on western shore of Xuwen County, summarized initially the history of modern coral reef research in China.

文中回顾其从事珊瑚礁研究的历程，并评述其珊瑚礁研究的学术成果：建立了我国第四纪珊瑚礁地质研究的典型剖面；开拓了我国珊瑚礁工程地质研究；系统论述了南海珊瑚礁地貌发展规律，揭示了某些古海洋学状况和新构造运动性质；首次研究了南海珊瑚礁潟湖沉积记录的历史气候；首次进行了我国珊瑚礁区综合海洋地理学研究；较全面开展华南大陆沿岸唯一岸礁徐闻西岸珊瑚礁调查研究；初步总结了我国现代珊瑚礁研究史。

The results are as follows: 1 mean length and weight tend to increase while dominant length and weight groups are noted to be increasing from Oct. 2004 to Sep. 2007; 2 by using length-weight formula, calculated weight value at the same length is higher for track-data than that for background-data; 3 growth parameters of L∞, W∞ and K respectively increase from 140.5 mm, 36.5 g and 0.28 a-1 to 186.0 mm, 118.5 g and 0.36 a-1 after artificial reef deployment; 4 appreciable increases are noted in body length and weight growth rate after artificial reef deployment, and inflexion age of weight growth increases from 2.55 to 2.58 years after artificial reef deployment; 5 there is an increase in critical biomass age from 3.21 to 3.77 years after artificial reef deployment; 6 there is a decrease in total instantaneous population mortality from 1.065 to 0.75 per year after artificial reef deployment; and 7 the overall population biomass of small yellow croaker stands at 131.5 tons.

结果表明：投礁后小黄鱼的平均体长和体重均呈上升趋势，优势体长组和体重组均向高值移动；同等体长情况下由投礁后体长体重关系式估算的体重比用投礁前的体长体重关系式估算的值大；投礁后小黄鱼个体生长方程的参数 L∞、W∞、K 值分别从投礁前的140.5 mm、36.5 g和0.28 a-1增加到186.0 mm、118.5 g和0.36 a-1；投礁后体长与体重生长速度与投礁前相比有所增大，且体重生长的拐点年龄从投礁前2.55 a提高到2007年的2.58 a；小黄鱼种群生物量增长的临界年龄从投礁前的3.21 a提高到3.77 a；小黄鱼种群的总瞬时死亡率从投礁前的1.065 a-1减小到0.75 a-1；鱼礁区小黄鱼资源量约

Reefs, reef-mounds and lime mud mounds are all carbonate buildups, and the reefs and banks are important targets for petroleum exploration The reefs, banks and mounds should be divided from each other not only in theory, but also in exploration practice, because of so many differences in sedimentary compositions, fabrics, environments, distribution in time and space, and the characteristics of petroleum geology If the original reef or bank itself was fine reservoir rocks, then it would become a better reservoir after the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The formation of a high quality carbonate reservoir is controlled by two factors: the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The first is the basis for the formation of a high quality reservoir, and with the high energy reefbank facies as the best; the latter includes the cataclasis, the dolomitization and the karstification The dolomitization and karstification are the best for the formation of a high quality reservoir The karstification has the widest distribution, profoundest effect, and plays a vital role in the high quality reservoir forming The karst types are quite rich in the limestone reef or bank reservoir, including synsedimentary karst, penesedimentary karst, supergene karst and hydrothermal karst, and so does the dolomitization reef or bank reservoir The formation mechanism of synsedimentary karst and penesedimentary karst is related to the short time exposing and leaching of the cyclical highfrequency shallowupward sequence when the reefs or banks are forming The supergene karst is controlled by the exposing and leaching of tertiary cyclic sequence type I interface after the reefs or banks forming Thus, there developed a great deal of secondary corrosion pores, corrosion fractures and huge caves besides some original pores remained in the reef and bank reservoir Scarcely there are any original effective pores in reefmounds and lime mud mounds, especially in senkes among mounds, but secondary pores could be formed by karstification, and there would likely develop source rocks with high organic abundance

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆，礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布，以及油气地质条件上迥然不同，因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上，都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩，当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成，主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础，并以高能的礁滩相带为最好；后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类，并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优，其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩，包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型，白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中，同生准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关，表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此，导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是唯一保存原生孔隙外，还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩；它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙，但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。

Sedimentary facies model for mixed sediments of recent reefoid carbonates and siliciclastics is developed from the facies model of fringing and barrier reefs. Based on the sedimentary facies and textures, mixed sediments may be subdivided into 5 types as follows: 1 reef base mixed sedimentary rocks and reef framework mixed sedimentary rocks; 2 reef flat sand-gravel mixed sedimentary rocks; 3 backreef beach-dune gravel-sand mixed sediments; 4 backreef lagoonal sand mixed sediments ; and 5 reef front littoral sand mixed sediments.

礁源与陆源混合沉积相模式是从岸礁一堡礁相模式基础上发展而来，根据其沉积相和沉积结构特徵可以分为5种混合沉积：①礁基混积岩和礁格架混积岩；②礁坪砂砾屑混积岩；③礁后海滩－沙提砾砂屑混合沉积；④礁后泻湖砂屑混合沉积；⑤礁前浅海砂屑混合沉积。

The reef s,mainly constructed by algae and with high production reservoir for oil and gas,are developed in several areas of Jiyang Sag in the form of composite deposition,that is, reef core,fore- reef and back reef .

济阳坳陷局部地区古近系发育以藻礁为主的生物礁，作为一种高产油气的储集体，礁体呈复式，可分为礁核、礁前及礁后相。

According to the investigation on the local situation of aquatic vegetation in Littoral Regions of Gonghu Lake and Meiliang Bay of the Wuxi Taihu Lake, the species of aquatic vegetation, community forms and biomass were acquired. Then a contrast of vegetation distribution characteristic between the two Littoral Regions was analyzed which induced to the analysis of impact factors. In the treatments designed as varying degree oxidation intimidate, the heavy metal cadmium and the ammonia nitrogen single and compound poisons, the COD sewage cultivate, the plant growth opsonin processes, the effect of the intimidate environment on the submerged plant growth and the physiological biochemistry characteristic was analyzed. The effective method to improve the resist adversity of submerged macrophyte was discussed. The results will give a suggestion to the restoration of the submerged macrophyte, the efficiency and reconstruction in Lake Ecosystem.

通过对无锡太湖两重要湖湾贡湖和梅梁湖湖滨带沿岸浅水区水生植被现状进行调查，了解了水生植物的种类、群落组成及生物量，对两湖湾湖滨带沿岸浅水区水生植被分布特征进行了对比，并进行了影响因素分析；通过不同程度的氧化胁迫、重金属镉与氨态氮单一和复合作用、高COD生活污水胁迫培养、植物生长调节素处理，分析胁迫环境和壳聚糖各自对沉水植物生长的影响及作用机理，探讨提高沉水植物逆境抗性的有效措施；探寻沉水植物修复的理论依据和有效途径，为急待进行水生植被恢复的湖泊提供依据和建议。

As the results show: The two submerged macrophytes can also adapt to the polluted water. Under the condition of high nitrogen in the sediment, they can remove the nitrogen effectively, and the removal effect of Ceratophyllum demersum L.is better than Hydrilla verticillata Royle. Hydrilla verticillata Royle activates the TP in the sediment more effectively than Ceratophyllum demersum L.. The submerged macrophytes can intensify the removal effect of turbidity. But the CODMn removal effect of submerged macrophytes are not obvious.

结果表明：生长晚期的黑藻和金鱼藻仍可适应污染河水；在底泥含氮量较高的情况下，生长晚期的沉水植物对氮素具有明显的去除效果，且金鱼藻的脱氮能力高于黑藻；黑藻对底泥中TP的活化能力高于金鱼藻；沉水植物可以强化浊度的净化效果；沉水植物生长晚期对CODMn的去除效果不高。

D depth-averaged model for flows in river with submerged groins;2. Simulation study of organ pipe nozzle submerged water jet;3. The submerged tunnel is simulated by the Elastic-Plastic FEM to analyse its influence on the environment.

为了分析淹没坑道对环境的影响，采用弹塑性有限元法对被淹没的坑道进行了数值计算，分析了不同情况坑道衬砌及围岩的破坏变形情况，同时提出了相应的加固方案，并对拟采用的不同方案加固效果进行了模拟分析，分析结果表明所提出的加固方案可行。

2Spatial learning and memory:In the cued condition, the avoidance latency in the colzapine-exposed group was significantly shorter than the control group in the block 2(p.05),however there is no difference on block 3 between two groups;In the place condition,the clozapine-exposed group prrferred to finding the submerged platform in the serial blocks(P.01);in reversal condition,the filial rats exposed the clozapine had no advantage on finding out the submerged platform in block2,3,4 except of the block l(p.01),the further statistic analysis reminded that it is just the first trial that the filial rats in clozapine-exposed group had the advantage to find out the submerged platform in reversal condition (F=4.86, PO.01).it isimplicated that the clozapine exposed in the gestation lead to the improvement on the acquiry and consolidation.however the acquired memory seems not to be maintained.

OI；提示用药组大鼠的子代记忆巩固能力较对照组好；固定平台再认定位实验中，用药组大鼠的子代首轮寻找平台的潜伏期较对照组明显缩短(F一巧。04，P 。01)，以后数轮成绩没有差别。进一步的统计显示，氯氮平孕期使用组大鼠在再认阶段仅仅是首个方向更快的发现平台(F二486，P.01)，提示氯氮平孕期使用提高了记忆的获取，但这种已经获取的记忆优势并没有得到保持。

The background survey and tracking survey of artificial reef area in Chenghai Laiwu were carried out before and after reefing in 2003 and 2007, respectively. The results indicated that after the deployment of artificial reefs, the biomass density of fishery resources increased by 25.63 times, which were much higher than before. The resources species was much more abundant; total number increased from 23 to 41, which increased by 0.78 times. The crab resources sharply increased by 1.75 times after artificial reef were deployed. Harpodon nehereus and Portunus sanguinolentus , which did not appeared in background survey, now became the dominant species in tracking survey. There were high diversity indexes in artificial reefs area and control area in tracking survey. In conclusion, the results indicated that the fish-aggregating effect of artificial reef site has improved a lot, and the community structure and the habitat environment have been significantly improved.

摘 要：2003和2007年分别对澄海莱芜人工鱼礁区进行了投礁前的本底调查和投礁后的跟踪调查，结果表明，投礁后礁区海域游泳生物的资源密度明显比投礁前高，增加了25.63倍；礁区海域各类资源种类均比投礁前丰富，总种数由投礁前的23种增加至41种，比投礁前增加了0.78倍，其中，蟹类种数增加最多，增加了1.75倍；在本底调查中没有出现的经济种类龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus 和红星梭子蟹 Portunus sanguinolentus 在跟踪调查中已成为主要优势种；Shannon-Wienver多样性指数在礁区和对比区均比投礁前有所增加。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。