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Title: Study on Decision Rule Optimization and Organization of Group Decision-making Abstract Group decision-making, as one of the basic forms of decision-making, plays an important role in economic and political fields due to the ever-increasing complexity of decision issue and the enhanced democracy awareness. Research of group decision-making is receiving more and more attention as the cutting edge of decision-making theory. Fruitful results are achieved in this field, while there are still some weak aspects for further research, especially in the organization and decision process ot group decision-making. Researches in those fields are instrumental in optimizing the organization and decision process of group decision-making. And we have made some exploration in this paper as follows.

随着决策问题的日趋复杂化和人们民主意识的增强，群体决策作为决策的一种基本形式，在政治和经济生活中占有越来越重要的地位，而群体决策作为决策理论研究的热点和前沿也在国内外方兴未艾，并取得了丰硕的成果，但也存在一些薄弱环节和需要深入研究的问题，特别是在群体决策的组织结构和决策过程方面，如群体决策的规则优化、决策规则的约束性质、群体决策中领导的影响、决策者之间的相关性对决策质量的影响、序贯群体决策中各种组织因素对其决策质量、决策效率、决策收益的影响等等。

Through a study of 504 cases of observation group with eye-signs in blood stasis syndrome and 112 cases of control group without eye-signs in BSS,it has been found that in the observation group, the scores of the blood concentration,viscosity, aggregability and coagulability,level of plasma thromboxane B2(TXB2),and the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 α were obviously higher than those in the control group,but level of 6-keto-PGF1 α was obviously lower than that in the control group; the above-mentioned param...

本研究通过对504例血瘀证目征观察组和112例非血瘀证目征对照组研究发现，观察组血液浓稠性、粘滞性、聚集性和凝固性积分值，血浆血栓素B2（TXB2）水平、TXB2／6－酮－前列腺素F1α（6－keto－PGF1α）比值均明显高于对照组，而血浆6－keto－PGF1α水平明显低于对照组，表现为血液高粘滞综合征者占90.08％，明显高于对照组2.68％，两组比较均有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。本研究为血瘀证目征提供了部分病理基础。

70 patients with postoperative recovery were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: experiment group and control group, each of which contained 35 cases. In experiment group, we deploied the warm atomization inhalation; and control group with common atomization inhalation.during each period of treatment, We observed the curative effect of each group with expectoration capacity, maximum inspiratory volume , saturation of blood oxygen and sternite .

术后卧床的恢复期患者70例，随机分为实验组与对照组；实验组35例患者采用加温雾化护理治疗，对照组35例采用常规雾化护理治疗；以排痰量、最大吸气量、血氧饱和度、胸片为观察参数评价两种雾化方法的治疗效果；采集数据分别以t检验和卡方检验方法进行统计学分析处理。

This research use the mature psychological theory of "tropism stype" and "self-construction theory" to study the consumers' fashion demand mode. Based on the empirical studies, we divide the middle income residents in cities into five groups, they are "Extrinsic Recognition Group","Intrinsic Recognition Group","Extrinsic Unique Group","Intrinsic Unique Group" and "Balance Extrinsic and Intrinsic Group" from the two dimensions and four aspects of "Extrinsic—Intrinsic" and "Recognition—Unique".

本研究借鉴心理学领域的成熟理论"向性类型说"和"自我建构理论"来研究消费者的时尚需求模式，在实证研究基础上，最终从"内向—外向"、"求同—求变"两个维度、四个方面将城市中等收入居民的时尚需求模式划分为5类，进而划分出5类人群：外在求同群体、内在求同群体、外在求变群体、内在求变群体和内外并重群体。

There are no distinct differences between ancestral character state and descendant character state in some characters. 4. Only one outgroup can't give enough information to tell what the ancestor looks like. It make us not to understand how a lot of charactors evolved. 5. The matsutake group is polyphyletic. 6. The character coding is not precise enough. 7. Some characters are not homology. The result of molecular systematic study on the matstuake group shows the group is not monophyletic. The matsutake group is more closed to Tricholoma than Armillaria. ITS sequence of Catathelasma ventricosum is nearly identical to that of the matsutake group, although apparently they are very different from each other in morphological characters.

对松口蘑群通过形态学特征进行系统发育关系分析造成很大的干扰的原因有：松口蘑的种类大多形态特征比较简单，可提供进行分析的特征不多；某些性状在一些状态之间的反复转化，造成分析上的误差；在进化过程中某些性状无明显的祖征和衍征，在分析过程中很难确定进化极性；选择外群时应该用一个特定类群进行整体理解后，确定各个性状的极性，不要只用单种作为外群；松口蘑群是一个多系群；进行比较的性状不一定是同源的；数量性状编码过于粗放，反映不出真实的情况。

Objectives To study the expressions of STAT1 and PDGF in lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis model induced by bleomycin in rats, and discuss the possible mechanism.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (15 in each group), they were bleomycin group and control group.①The BLM group was intratracheally instilled with belomycin (5mg/kg);② NS group was intratracheally instilled with saline (5mg/kg).

目的 观察肺纤维化鼠肺组织信号转导和转录活化因子1（STAT1）和血小板源性生长因子表达的变化，探讨其在肺纤维化的作用机制方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分博莱霉素组和对照组，①BLM组：气管内灌注BLM（5mg/kg）诱导肺纤维化；②NS组：气管内灌注NS。

The clinical characters of oligodontia concluded from this study are following:(1) There is significant difference that more teeth absent and more existent teeth anomalies in patients of oligodontia/S group than in patients of oligodontia/I group, and the peg-shaped upper lateral incisor is the most frequently affected teeth with shape anomaly.(2) Both of the two groups have no significant differences in number of teeth missing between maxilla and mandible as well as that between left and right side.(3) The distribution of teeth missing is bilateral symmetry in both groups, but the frequency of teeth lost are different: excluding the third molar, in oligodontia/I group, the lower second premolar is the most frequently congenitally missing tooth followed by the upper lateral incisor, while in oligodontia/S group, the most frequently missing teeth are mandibular canine and maxillary lateral incisor. Nevertheless, the first molars are the most stable teeth in both groups.(4) In oligodonita/I group, the mean mesiodistal dimensions of all type of existent teeth are significantly smaller than normal value. It is implied that oligodontia is not an isolated phenomenon, but is related to a complex of other dental changes.

对于口腔多个恒牙先天缺失的临床特点有以下初步结论：(1)综合征型先天缺牙患者较单纯型先天缺牙患者恒牙缺失数目更多，平均分别为23.9个和14.9个，且现存牙齿有更多的形态异常，分别为7／10例（70％）和6／22例（27.3％），其中最常见的是上颌侧切牙畸形；(2)两种类型的多个恒牙先天缺失患者的缺牙数目在上下颌及左右侧之间均无差别；(3)两种类型的多个恒牙先天缺失患者在缺失牙位上均呈对称分布，但在具体牙位上有所差异：不计第三磨牙，单纯型先天缺牙最常缺失的牙位是下颌第二双尖牙、其次为上颌侧切牙；而综合征型先天缺牙最常缺失的牙位是下颌尖牙和上颌侧切牙；无论何种情况，第一磨牙均为牙列中最稳定的牙齿；(4)在单纯型先天缺牙患者中，现存恒牙的牙冠宽度较国人正常值偏小，差异显著，提示牙齿形态与多个牙先天缺失有一定相关性。

New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 months old, 3-4 kg weight) were the test animals, and they were divided into three groups proceeding in this study. In group A:One PLLA screw and one commercial screw were implanted in the right tibia. Two PLLA screws were implanted in the left. Furthermore, one PLLA bar was implanted in both right and left tibia respectively with onlay model in group B. Also,one PLLA plate was implanted in the left tibia and one commercial plate in the right respectively with onlay model in group C . Many tests were done on each sample in 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks which included the observation of tissue response in group A, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss, molecular weight, crystallinity and morphology of fracture surface by scanning electronic microscopyin group B, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss and molecular weight in group C.

所使用实验动物为24只3-4个月大，体重3-4公斤的纽西兰兔，并将所使用材料及动物分为A、B、C三组进行。A组中於实验兔之右胫骨植入两支骨钉，一支为自制骨钉，一支为MacroPore市售骨钉，并钻一孔但不植入骨钉做为控制组；另於实验兔之左胫骨植入两支自制骨钉，另标示一区不钻孔不植入骨钉做为控制组。B组采用onlay1 模式於实验兔之左右胫骨各植入一自制长型片。C组也采用onlay模式於实验兔之左胫骨植入一自制骨板，於右胫骨植入一市售骨板，各於不同时间点( 1， 4及12周)将A及C组，而於( 1，4，8及12周)将B组内的植入物取出进行各种测试，包括A组的组织切片观察及B组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化、结晶度变化及扫描式电子显微镜观察断面型态改变及C组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化。

In the in vivo study, 100 ICR mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups after paired by body weight as following: Group N (negative control group, peritoneally injected by saline daily); Group C (positive control group, peritoneally injected by D-galactose and saline daily); Group L, M, and H (peritoneally injected by D-galactose and intragastric administered with TP at 100, 200, 400 mg/day, respectively). Mice were sacrificed for histology and biochemistry studies after 8 weeks.

在动物体内实验中，选择清洁级ICR纯系小鼠100只，按体质量随机分为5组：阴性对照组每天腹腔注射生理盐水，其余4组每天腹腔注射120 mg/kg D-半乳糖以建立小鼠衰老模型，同时阳性对照组每日以生理盐水灌胃，L、M、H组分别以每日100、200、400 mg/kg TP灌胃。8周后处死小鼠，获取心肌标本进行组织学研究和生化检测。

Methods40 adult male SD rats were used in this study and divided into 4 groups at random: normal group, aging model group, TNY treatment group, and negative control group, each group had 10 rats. The subacutely aging rats were made by injecting Dgal into the rats' abdominal cavity continuosly. The learning and memory ability of rats in each group were detected with Morris water maze. The monoamine transmitter contents in hypothalamus and hippocampus were detected with HPLCECD.

方法选用成年雄性SD大鼠40只，随机分为4组，每组10只：正常组、衰老模型组、TNY用药组、阴性对照组。D半乳糖连续腹腔注射制作亚急性衰老的大鼠模型，采用Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠的空间学习记忆能力及采用高效液相色谱电化学法检测各组大鼠下丘脑、海马NE，DA，5HT的含量。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。