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Many entomologist and taxonomist have paid much attention to the studies on phylogeny and systematics of Microgastrinae since the establishment of Microgastrinae by Foerster in 1862. Much headway has been made on the phylogeny and systematics of Microgastrinae , but the dissensions from the entomologist and taxonomist on the species relationship among the genera and tribes of Microgastrinae and the appraisal on Masons classification system are being. A further large number of studies needed to be done to resolve the issue of phylogeny of Microgastrinae.

自Foerster于1862年建立小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae以来，许多的昆虫学家和分类学家对小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae的系统发育和分类做了大量的工作，并取得了一些成果，但是学者之间对于小腹茧蜂亚科族、属间的亲缘关系还存在很大的分歧，显然要充分解决小腹茧蜂亚科系统发育和分类问题，还需要做大量的研究工作。

The famous Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moster theory studies the perturbations of integrable systems, anti-integrable limit theory proposed several years ago studies the perturbations of"totally"chaotic system.

著名的KAM（Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser）理论就是研究了可积系统的扰动。

In the first part of the article, we did some basal studies on the Studies on liquid-state fermentation for and properties of cellulase from C. thermophile.

本研究的第一部分主要对嗜热真菌Chaetomium thermophile产生纤维素酶的液体发酵条件及其滤纸酶的特性进行了研究。

This article studies the use of standardized methods of topical studies.

本文系运用规范研究方法进行的专题研究。

Until major turn happened in Western translation studies in the 1970s, the status of the translator as the subject was elevated objectively with the development of translation theories and the dynamic role of the translator was gradually brought to surface in translation studies since then.

直到上世纪七十年代以来，西方翻译研究发生重大转向，其翻译理论的发展客观地提升了译者的主体地位，译者的主观能动作用才逐渐在翻译研究中突显出来。

In this paper are displayed recent advances in studies on Turgenev and his works. Among them are:1. Turgenev and his works are approached in a comprehensive way and from various angles;2. New theories and new methods for research are stressed and adopted in practice;3. Influential academic monographs have been published;4. Comparative studies are to become a new trend.

本文从以下几方面，展现我国近十年来在屠格涅夫研究上的新进展；（1）全面多角度研究，及新观点的提出；（2）新理论，新研究方法的重视及运用；（3）出现有影响的学术专著；（4）比较研究将成为新的趋向。

There are many studies concerning that the genetic variations of UGT1A1 are associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and irinotecan-induced adverse drug reactions; however, there is no studies to investigate the association of liver injury during antituberculosis therapy and UGT1A1 genetic variations.

UGT1A1基因变异与未结合型高胆红素血症，及irinotecan诱发之药物不良反应有相关，但尚未有UGT1A1基因变异的族群，在接受抗结核药物治疗期间发生肝损伤之研究。

Most studies on fire prevention focus on buildings themselves, such as fire protection facilities, the usage of uninflammable materials, the design of partitions for preventing from fire hazard, etc. However, few researches discuss how to manage fire hazard in community scale concerning surrounding environments, space structure, land use, etc. Recently, urban plans are requested to take hazard mitigation into account. It demands more studies on the urban scale. Hence, this research proposes an evaluation method to assess fire risk degree in terms of urban blocks.

然而，目前一般消防单位对於消防安全之检视大多仅著眼於建筑物内部的消防设备或是建物内部防火设计是否妥当等硬体面，但从都市整体角度，即周边环境、空间结构以及建物、土地使用等因素对於火灾之影响则甚少探讨之，再加上都市防灾计画与检讨中亦须风险的资讯，因此本研究拟就都市街廓尺度，评估其火灾风险度，以作为都市地区消防规划、通盘检讨以及都市更新等政策决定之参考依据。

In this paper, the progresses acquired in the studies of natural analogy are summarized, including a comparison of structural properties, radiation damage and chemical composition between uraninite and UO2, combination and paragenesis of alteration products of uraninite, chemical composition of uraninite and its secondary phases, mobility of analogy elements in the process of uraninite alteration. In addition, the problems in next studies are pointed out, e. g., characterization of micro-structure of secondary uranium minerals, high-resolution analyses of trance elements distributed in original and secondary uranium minerals using laser microprobe analyzer, composition of underground water, simulation experiments.

系统地总结了天然类比研究的现状，包括沥青铀矿与UO2的可比性、沥青铀矿风化产物的共生组合和共生次序、沥青铀矿及其风化产物的化学成分特征、沥青铀矿风化过程中类比元素的迁移性等；并初步指出了进一步研究的方向，如铀酰矿物的微结构研究、类比元素在沥青铀矿和铀酰矿物中分布的激光探针研究、地下水成分分析、模拟实验等。

USA "Vakil, Sanam""Assistant Professor of Middle East Studies, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University"

萨纳姆。瓦杰尔美国中东研究所尼采高级国际研究学院约翰霍普金斯大学助理教授

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。