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The microstructures of composite membranes were studied by XRD and SEM. The thermal stabilities, methanol permeabilities and proton conductivities were investigated. Water uptakes and dimensional stabilities were also studied. The results indicate that amorphous zirconium phosphates are formed in the composite membrane, and have a good combination with the organic phase.

采用扫描电镜观察复合膜的断面形貌；采用热重分析仪研究复合膜的热稳定性；采用气相色谱测量并计算了复合膜的阻醇性；采用交流阻抗法测量复合膜的质子传导率；同时还研究复合膜的吸水率、尺寸稳定性。

The feasibility of utilizing FAI injection system on a 50 cm^3, twostroke motorcycle engine is studied experimentally. Injection directions, injection timing and fueling are studied specially at the small and full throttle opening conditions to clarify their effects on emissions, fuel economy and engine power.

试验研究了FAI直喷系统在50立方公分二冲程摩托车发动机上应用的可行性，着重研究了在小节气门开度和节气门全开条件下，喷油方向、喷油提前角以及喷油量对排放、经济和动力性能的影响。

For the first time, we investigated the possibility of using non-minimal coupled scalar field (include Real and Complex scalar fields) as the candidate of dark energy---Quintessence or Phantom. A cosmological model droved by real scalar field with accelerating and decelerating, forever cycling and expanding was constructed. Classical and quantum wormholes with Tachyon fields were discussed in detail. The entropy of sphere symmetric black holes due to arbitrary spin fields was studied, and the proportional relations between entropy and fields degeneracy was derived. For the first time, we investigated the neutrino quasinormal modes of stationary black holes in the background of de Sitter space-time, and the quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild black holes with arbitrary spin fields. We also studied the quantum teleportation in the background of curved space-time for the first time.

中文摘要：我们首次研究了非最小耦合标量场作为宇宙暗能量－Quintessence、Phantom的可能性；构造了一个实标量场驱动的加速－减速无限循环，永恒膨胀的宇宙模型；详尽讨论了具有Tachyon场的经典和量子虫洞；研究了一般球对称黑洞缘于任意自旋量子场的熵，给出了熵与量子场简并度之间的正比关系；首次研究了deSitter背景时空下具有中微子场的稳态黑洞的似正规模与具有任意自旋场的Schwarzschild黑洞的似正规模问题；首次研究了弯曲时空背景下的量子通讯问题。

Meanwhile, the method of how to learn macro-operator based on subgoals is also studied. Secondly, the situation of problem solving, in which there are no problem operator model and no any heuristics, is studied.

其次，作者针对无问题操作模型同时也无问题求解启发式信息的情况，研究如何利用训练例子，不断进行问题求解的试探，自动获取操作在不同状态集中的效用信息，形成问题求解的初步规划。

Its basic principle, classification, applications, and new developments are introduced and described in detail. 2 A new optimum method named simulated annealing algorithm is introduced and applied in the analysis of the ellipsometric spectra. 3 Some new ferroelectric materials have been studied by the method mentioned above, and some new results achieved as follows. First, Ca-modified lead titanate ferroelectric thin films have been prepared by solgel processing. The optical constants spectra of the 〓(x=0.0-0.4, 0.24) films have been obtained, the structure properties of the thin films have been studied by XRD and AFM.

回顾了椭偏光谱近一个世纪的产生发展的历程，系统介绍了椭偏光谱的基本原理、物理模型，以及广泛应用与发展状况。2）介绍模拟退火算法这一新型的优化方法，并将其结合Forouhi-Bloomer模型和Sellmeier模型应用到椭偏光谱分析中。3）用上述方法分析几种新型铁电材料的光学性质，并获得以下结果：首先，第一次获得钛酸铅钙系列、钙原子含量分别为0％、10％、20％、24％、30％、40％的铁电薄膜的光学常数谱，并结合XRD和SEM分析其结构，发现随钙含量的增加，薄膜晶相发生变化。

In this thesis, effects of common factors in yeast extract production with autolysis on yield and total amount of amino acid nitrogen in supernatant, degradation of RNA and saccharides during autolysis were studied, in which fresh baker\'s yeast was used as material. Extraction of 5\'-phosphodiesterase from barley rootlets was also studied. The optimum technology conditions of yeast extract production was determined by comprehensive considering results of above-mentioned study.

本论文以新鲜面包酵母为原料，研究了自溶法生产酵母抽提物过程中的影响因素对得率、上清液氨基氮总量、自溶过程中RNA降解及糖类物质降解的影响，同时还对麦芽根中5'-磷酸二酯酶的提取进行了研究，综合以上研究结果优化了酵母抽提物生产的工艺条件；此外，从酵母自溶残渣中提取了酵母细胞壁多糖，并对该多糖的乳化性及酯化修饰进行了研究，取得了下述主要研究结果。1。

First, based on the measurements of absorption cross-section, the absorption characters of the main polluted gases in flue gas were deeply studied, and found that SO_2、 NO、 NO_2、 NH_3 had a character of approximate periods absorption at some wave band, which is a good chance of a new measurement introduced. Secondly, the factors about absorption cross-section of the gases measured, which affect on the measurement precision of DOAS, is studied deeply. The influence of pressure and temperature on absorption cross-section was given special research, and the compensated measures were given to the gases based on the character of the gases. Thirdly, in practical measurement, it must have been satisfied that the monochromator was consisted with the reference spectrum, which was based on absorption cross-section. In order to satisfy the consistency, the technique of reversion in the image was introduced, the reversions of spectrums were realized with wiener filter and noise elimination based on wavelet transform.

首先从吸收截面的测量入手，对烟气中主要的污染气体SO_2、NO、NO_2、NH_3的吸收特性进行详细研究，发现这些气体在局部区域具有准周期吸收特征，这为引入新的测量方法提供了契机；其次，对决定DOAS测量精度的被测气体吸收截面的诸多问题进行了深入研究，重点研究了压力、温度对被测气体吸收截面的影响，并针对被测气体的特征提出了相应的修正措施；再次，在实际测量中，要求所使用的光谱仪必须与以吸收截面为基础的参考光谱相匹配，为了满足匹配这一条件，文中将图像复原技术引入到光谱复原，使用维纳滤波和小波消噪实现了光谱的复原，将复原后的光谱与所使用光谱仪的仪器函数卷积，即可实现；最后，在对DOAS测量原理详细分析的基础上，对传统的最小二乘—差分吸收光谱法进行了详细的阐述，通过实验证实两点：1。

By testing hydration rate and hydration temperature at different times,the effect of the retarders on the hydration process of calcined gypsum was studied,and by analyzing morphology and pore structure,the effect of the retarders on the microstructure of gypsum was also studied.

测定柠檬酸、聚合磷酸钠、骨胶3类缓凝剂对石膏性能的影响，通过不同水化时间的水化率和水化温度测定，研究了缓凝剂对建筑石膏水化过程的影响，采用SEM形貌分析和压汞法孔结构分析研究缓凝剂对石膏硬化体微结构的影响。

The making technics of brazed monolayer tool is system studied in the paper. The applied brazed monolayer grindingplate is empoldered and brazed monolayer diamond wheel is also pilot studied, moreover grit-brazing mechanism is analyzed. These will make good experiment base in applying brazed monolayer diamond wheel in the future.

本文系统地研究了单层钎焊磨具的制造工艺，开发出能实际使用的单层钎焊砂盘，对钎焊金刚石砂轮也作出了初步研究，并分析磨粒钎焊机理，为今后国内开发钎焊金刚石砂轮打下良好的实验基础。

The morphology of electroless platings of Ni P UFD was studied by optical metallographic microscopy and SEM, the age temperature's effect on the microstructure of this platings was studied using XRD, TEM and DTA, and the age temperature's effect on microscopic hardness was explained.

利用光学金相显微镜和 SEM观察了 Ni-P-超细金刚石化学复合镀层形貌，用 XRD、TEM及 DTA研究时效温度对镀层组织结构的影响，并解释了时效温度对镀层显微硬度的影

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新