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In this thesis, the engineering property of the frozen earth in the frozen railway roadbed in Anduo section (between DK1561+975-DK1562+530) of Naquhe region of Qinghai-Tibet railway was studied indoor. The change of engineering property of the earth samples with different water content , density and temperature were researched. The influence of concentration of the diffluent salt to the frozen strength was pilot studied. The thermal conductivity of the soil was experimented. With the result and data of the tests, the earth temperature field in Anduo section was demonstrated by numerical analysis, the structure parameter of the spall revetmentd and the rubble berm was given, the stability of the railway roadbed was evaluated.

本文以青藏铁路格尔木-拉萨段那曲河地区安多段(DK1561+975～DK1562+530)冻土路基为对象，对该地区冻土的工程性质进行了室内试验研究；对不同含水率、不同压实度的土样，研究在特定温度变化范围内工程性质的变化：初步分析了易溶盐含量对冻结强度的影响：测试了土样的导热系数；在室内土工试验的基础上，根据测试结果和数据，对安多段区域地温场进行了数值模拟，分析了该工点区间内合理片石护道、碎石护坡结构参数，评价了路基稳定性。

The chapter two was focused on the samarium diiodide promoted organic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis, firstly, a new synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes from a,β-alkynone promoted by samarium diiodide was investigated and the highly substituted cyclopentadienes were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Secondly, the Michael addition and Michael-aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides or diorganyl disulfides with α,β-alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide were studied and a series of alkenylsulfides and alkenylselenides were prepared in good yields. Then the highly regioselecfive nucleophilic addition of the allylsamarium bromide to α,β-alkynones were explored. We found that the allylsamarium bromide reacts with α,β-alkynones to afford regiospecificly 1. 2-nucleophilic addition products in good yields under mild condition. At last we studied the coupling reaction of aryl halides promoted by NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓.

第二章 研究了二碘化钐、金属钐促进的有机反应：1、二碘化钐促进下α，β-炔基酮的偶联环化反应，提供了一种制备多取代环戊二烯的新方法；2、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮的Michael加成反应，为高产率地制备多取代的烯基硫或烯基硒化合物提供了方便可靠的新方法；3、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮和醛、酮的Michael—aldol串联反应，提供了一种一锅法高产率地制备多取代的含硫的烯丙基醇或含硒的烯丙基醇类化合物的方便可靠的原子经济性的新方法；4、烯丙基溴化钐与α，β-炔基酮的高度区域选择性的1，2-亲核加成反应；5、NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓促进的卤代芳烃的偶联反应-一种从各种卤代芳烃制备联苯类化合物的有效方法。

The kinetics of discomposing reaction of LiNiO〓 is also studied. LiNiO〓 is modified by adding small quantity of additives. The performance of derivatives of LiNiO〓, in which Ni was partially substituted with Co, Mn and Ti is also studied.

利用加入少量添加剂的办法对LiNiO〓进行了改性，本论文还研究了用Co、Mn、Ti部分替代Ni制备的LiNiO〓系列派生物的结构、性能和充放电反应机理。

In 1997,Their infinite-dimensional dissipativity wasfurther studied by Hill,who also studied the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensionaldissipativity of one-leg methods.However,up to now,no papers have been concernedwith the dissipativity of delay dynamical systems and their numerical solutions.Thethird part of the thesis is devoted to discussing it.

当用数值方法求解这些系统时，自然希望数值方法能保持系统的该重要特性。1994年，Humphries和Stuart首次研究了Runge-Kutta方法对有限维系统的散逸性。1997年Hill进一步研究了Runge-Kutta方法的无穷维散逸性和单支方法的有限维和无穷维散逸性。

Through the discussion of the study history of memory, the research problems and the significance of this study were brought forward, the concept of memory was clarified, the latest research of brain science was reviewed; On this basis, memory types and its measurement, memory process and its rules were studied documentarily and generalized systematically; This research analysed emphatically and concluded general and special methods of memory, the functions, usage means and applied scopes of many kinds of scientific memory methods were explored deeply with some typical psychology experimental results; Then affects of objective factors included external environment and material characteristics, subjective factors such as purpose, attention, emotion, knowledge, confidence and so on , were examined deeply; At last, it studied and analysed the cultivation and training of memory, practical usage of scientific memory methods, and put forward educational suggestions and training measures.

首先从记忆的研究历史切入本研究的问题背景与研究意义，阐明了记忆的概念、综述了记忆脑科学方面的最新进展；在此基础上，对记忆的分类与测量、基本过程与规律进行了文献研究与系统概括；着重分析并归结出了记忆的一般方法与特殊方法，结合代表性的心理学实验成果深入分析了各种科学记忆方法的功用、具体操作方法及应用范围；深入剖析了外部情境、材料特征等客观因素及目的、注意、情绪、知识、信心等主观因素对记忆的影响；最后在先前诸研究的基础上，对记忆的培养与训练及记忆术的实际应用加以分析和研究，提出了记忆培养训练的具体措施与教育建议，并实例说明了记忆术的具体应用。

Specific gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the type II IL-1βreceptor (IL-1RII, 'decoy receptor') was studied in skin of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) fry during infection with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjaini Mikailo, 1975. Cytokine expression was studied in both primary and secondary infections using a semi-quantitatie RT–PCR technique.

用半定量RT-PCR的方法，研究初次感染和二次感染体外寄生的单殖吸虫---三代虫后，虹鳟鱼苗的皮肤中促炎症细胞因子IL-1β及IL-1βII型受体（IL-1RII）的特异性基因表达。

Specific gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the type II IL-1βreceptor (IL-1RII, 'decoy receptor') was studied in skin of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) fry during infection with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini Mikailov, 1975. Cytokine expression was studied in both primary and secondary infections using a semi-quantitative RT–PCR technique.

用半定量RT-PCR的方法，研究初次感染和二次感染体外寄生的单殖吸虫---三代虫后，虹鳟鱼苗的皮肤中促炎症细胞因子IL-1β及IL-1βII型受体（IL-1RII）的特异性基因表达。

The effects of pulse conditions and Ca〓, Mg〓 concertration in pulsing medium were studied systematically, and the fusion process (including the change of cytoskeleton in electrofusion) and the machanism of electrofusion of IBRS2 cells were also studied.

在分别考察了电场条件及二价离子Ca〓、Mg〓对IBRS2细胞电融合的影响后，进一步对细胞融合过程、细胞骨架在融合过程中的变化和作用进行了观察和研究，肯定了细胞骨架在细胞电融合中的作用，并提出了可能的理论模型

The process of extraction of antimicrobial substance from Eleocharis tuberose peel with ultrasonic were studied; the properties of antibacterial substances were studied; antibacterial substances was isolated by TLC and silica gel colum chromatography, and the structure of antibacterial substances were identified useing liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer.

包括：采用超声波法提取荸荠皮抑菌物质并获得最佳工艺条件；研究了荸荠皮提取物的稳定性及其对多种菌的抑制作用；通过薄层层析和硅胶柱层析对抑菌物质分离纯化后对抑菌成分进行了初步的结构鉴定。

The methods of preserving eleostearic acid were studied, adopting content of eleostearic acid as index. Eleostearic acid was esterificated with BF3 in methanol. The content of eleostearic acid was determined by gas chromatography, and the structure is studied by infrared spectroscopy.

初步研究了桐油酸的保存方法，以α-桐油酸含量为指标，将桐油酸与三氟化硼－甲醇溶液进行甲醋化，采用气相色语法检测桐油酸含量，并用红外光语扫描结构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。