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Results Teenagers' overall body image depression had a negative correlation with their self regard in four aspects. The score of self regard of boy students who had body image depression was significantly lower than that of girl students; the score of self regard of university students who had body image depression was significantly lower than that of middle school students; the score of self regard of urban students who had body image depression was significantly lower than that of rural students. Teenagers obesity index had a significant positive correlation with their subjective knowledge of body weight. There was no statistical significance between the self regard scores for those BMI in accordance with the self cognition of weight and those BMI with inconformity.

结果 青少年学生总体像烦恼及4个具体方面与自尊都呈显著负相关，有体像烦恼的男生自尊得分显著低于女生；有体像烦恼的大学生自尊得分显著低于高中生，城市学生的自尊得分显著低于农村学生；青少年学生肥胖指数与自我对体重的主观认识呈显著正相关，肥胖指数与自我体重认识一致与不一致者的自尊得分差异无统计学意义。

Combining the teaching practice of analytical geometry, this article puts forward the implement strategy of instruction of mathematics study: penetrate the principle of mathematics study towards the students; instruct the students how to study; help the students form the better non-intellect factor; develop the student's original cognizance level; present the instruction of mathematics study ; raise the extent of students' participation ; keep the teaching and instruction in harmony and instruct the solution of students' query.

结合立体几何教学实践，本文提出了数学学法指导的实施策略：向学生渗透数学学习方法理念：对学生学习的各环节进行学习方法指导；对学生形成良好的非智力因素进行指导；发展学生的元认知水平；数学学法指导的基本方法；提高学生的智力参与程度；教学与学法指导和谐统一；对学生质疑问难的方法进行指导。

However there are some differences in the learning motivation in terms of different backgrounds:① The higher the academic degree holders, the lower the intensity of the learning motivation in self-development, social contact, family requirement and degree pursuing.② The students from town and villages show great motivation in Better Serving Society, however the students from cities pay more attention to the assessments from family and working company.③The intensity of the motivations in female students in pursuing knowledge, self-development and social contact are apparently stronger than male students.④With the increasing of age, the motivation intensity decreases in the aspects of self-development, career-development and competition or promotion. The students in the age of 40"s to 50"s pay more interests in educating children.⑤The motivation intensity in Better Serving Society, Avoid Failure in The Work and Better Educating Children decreases with the increasing of the income. Middle income class emphases more in promotion.⑥ The intensity of motivation in pursuing knowledge is very strong in state-worker and free-lancer. Teachers pay more attention to career development and the free-lancer emphasis in developing enterprises and self-expressing.

在对比分析中，成人学员因学历、来源地、性别、年龄、收入、职业的不同，其学习动机存在一定的差异：①随着学历层次的升高，成人学员在发展、交往、家庭、文凭动机的多个子项上表现出差异，动机强度依次降低；②县乡学员在"更好地服务社会"项目中比城市学员表现强烈，而城市学员更重视家庭及单位对自己的看法与评价；③女性学员在求知、职业、交往三大类上的动机水平较明显高于男性学员；④在发展、职业、竞争或提升三个方面，随着年龄的增加，其动机强度呈递减趋势，而41－50岁的学员在"为了更好地教育子女"这一项上表现尤为突出；⑤在"更好的服务社会"、"避免工作失败"、"更好的教育子女"三个项目中，随着收入的增加，其强度水平依次减弱，中间收入的学员较其它两层次更在意"得到提升"；⑥不同职业的学员有不同的动机表现，公务员与自由职业者的求知动机表现强烈，教师的职业动机水平相对偏高，自由职业者强调"发展事业"与"表现自己"。

The first part is the author"s special viewpoint about the thinking ability, such as the meaning, the essence, the classification and the operating process. The second part describes the relations between developing thinking ability and the urgent needs of country, society and individual development from five aspects. The third part is about the connection and differences of thinking ability, intelligence, ability, creativity and the constructivism theory. The forth part analyses the teachers" nine injudicious actions that will influence the students" thinking ability. The fifth part discusses the students" seven bad learning behaviors that will cause the degradation of thinking ability. The sixth part is about the unsuitable policies or actions adopted by school, society or family that will cause the degradation of the students" thinking ability. The seventh part discusses the countermeasures that can maintain and develop the students" thinking ability. The eighth part brings forward twelve countermeasures that can exercise the student"s thinking ability in chemistry teaching. The last part gives a brief account of the task.The author expects that this article can enhance the coteries" attention to the students thinking ability.

本文共分九个部分，第一部分对思考力的含义及其本质、分类和运行过程提出了作者的观点；第二部分从五个方面阐述培养思考力与国家、社会、个人发展的迫切需要之间的关系；第三部分简要叙述了思考力、智力、能力、创造力与建构主义理论之间的联系和区别；第四部分分析了教师的九种不当行为对学生思考力水平的影响；第五部分分析了学生的七种不良学习行为导致思考力下降的因素；第六部分叙述了学校、社会和家庭的不当政策或行为导致学生思考力水平下降的原因；第七部分着重从八个方面阐述了保持和发展学生思考力的对策；第八部分提出了在化学教学中训练学生思考力的十二种对策；最后在结束语中对本课题主要观点进行了概述，以期望引起教育界同仁对学生思考力培养的重视。

By adopting self-designed Trust Questionnaire between Teachers and Students, self-designed Relation Questionnaire between Teachers and Students and Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Questionnaire, it surveys 433 students and 212 teachers from three universities in Guilin of Guangxi province in the study and eliciting the following conclusions:(1) Self-designed Trust Questionnaire between Teachers and Students and self-designed Relation Questionnaire between Teachers and Students had good validity and credibility.

本研究调查采用自编的师生信任问卷，师生关系问卷和Rotter 的人际信任量表对广西桂林市三所高校433 名大学生和212 名教师进行问卷调查，得出以下结论：(1)自编师生信任问卷和自编师生关系问卷有较好的信度和效度。

The tactics in students learning are: attach importance to train mathematical ability of study, attach importance to happening and developing about knowledge, arouse students to organize the system of knowledge initiatively, be good at finding the problems about students'study and to solve it and feedback timely. The methods of dealing with text are: adjusting order and going to the aim step by step, having good bedding and linking up successfully. The methods of teaching are: paying attention to excavate hide knowledge, reducing hinders of students, paying attention to the hard trying in study producing, arousing students'factor of unintelligence, teaching basis on the text and getting progress step by step, attaching importance to thinking habit and conquering the difficult in teaching, fostering fine atmosphere in study collectively.

学生学习方面采取的策略有：重视培养数学的学习能力；重视知识的发生发展，激发学生主动建构知识体系；善于发现学生的学习问题，及时进行解决和反馈；教材处理的策略有：调整顺序、逐步到位；作好铺垫、顺利衔接；教师教学方面采取的策略有：注重挖掘隐性知识，减少学生的学习障碍；关注学习过程中的努力，激发、提高学生的非智力因素；注重因材施教，循序渐进；注重学生的思维习惯，突破教学难点；培养良好的集体学习氛围。

According to the physiological and psychological characteristics of primary and secondary school students, they have a fresh image of the curious things, easy to arouse strong interest, so that teachers can use multimedia teaching methods to stimulate the enthusiasm of students, teachers, classroom teaching through multimedia teaching methods and teaching content and teaching methods be combined so that students interested in boring things, so that the knowledge students involuted easy to understand, so that Discovery is the improvement of students problem-solving skills, this is the means of the use of multimedia teaching the key.

根据小学生生理和心理特点，他们对于新鲜形象的事物有好奇心，易引起浓厚的兴趣，因此，教师可以采用多媒体教学手段以激发学生的学习积极性，教师可以通过课堂教学把多媒体教学手段与教学内容、教学方法有机结合起来，让学生对乏味的东西感兴趣，让学生对繁难的知识易于理解，让学生很愉的提高解决问题的能力，这是使用多媒体教学手段的关键所在。

Then , after testing some senior 1 and senior 2 students from Nanjin Foreign School with FCI test tables,the dissertation concludes:﹡The differcences and similarity among the students'.﹡The presence of the preconcept in the students mind which affects the learning preconccept.﹡The latentness of the preconcept.﹡The similarity between the preconcept in the students'mind and the science history.﹡Preconcept and science concept coexist in students'mind.﹡The difficulty for the traditional teaching to change the preconcept.

然后，笔者用FCI测试量表对南京外国语学校的部分高一和高二学生进行了测试，通过访谈及对测试结果的分析，得出了如下结论：﹡学生的前概念具有个体性和一定的共性；﹡前概念广泛存在于学生头脑中，并严重影响物理概念的学习；﹡学生的前概念具有隐蔽性；﹡学生的前概念与科学发展史上的某些概念存在着相似性；﹡前概念与科学概念并存于学生的头脑中；﹡传统教学很难改变学生的前概念。

One type of students are those who are short of study motion. This type of students can be divided into four situation. That is the contradiction between demands and realities, the repound after pressure, they have ever been defeated, they negate the value of study, Another type of students are those whose knowledge is not enough. Their previous knowledge can't catch up with the teaching demands of a vocational school. The third type of students are those who have no suitable study methods and good learning habits. The fourth type of students are the synthesis of all above.

其次从学生主观角度分析，其化学学习障碍产生的原因可分为四种类型：一是学习动力不足，这类学生又可大致分为四种情况，即需求的倒错、压力的反弹、心理曾经受挫和否定学习的价值；二是先备知识不足，表现在其先备知识与中专教学要求的不相称上；三是学习方法和习惯不好；四是综合体现上述三种原因。

Nowadays, the evaluation of students conducted by unitary value orientation in junior school teaching practice in Huhhot city has resulted in unitary evaluation of students'subjects, lopsided evaluation of students content, overemphasizing the function of distinguishment and putting undue stress on the results of evaluation of students which are extremely antagonistic to the education goal of students'development by quality education and pursued by the reform of basic curriculum.

现阶段呼和浩特市城区初中教育教学实践中学生评价在单一价值取向引导下所呈现的单一的学生评价主体、片面的学生评价内容、过分强调甄别与选拔功能以及过分重视学生评价结果的学生评价，同素质教育所倡导的、基础教育课程改革所追求的促进学生全面发展的教育目标是完全对立的。

"Please accept this talisman as a token of our thanks."

请收下这个护身符以表达我们的感谢。

If I have that magic, I will be more acceptable in the society.

如果我拥有那种魔法，我将更加被这个社会所容纳。