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Long-term since, the influence of examination-oriented education, some of our teachers to correctly handle the preacher, impart knowledge and to reassure the dialectical relationship between the point of teaching students to accept only on specific knowledge, understanding and mastering solving methods and steps to get high scores in examinations, but neglect to cultivate students establish correct outlook on life, the values of world outlook, the importance of cultivating students, so the more or less drawbacks: lack of progress, the pursuit of spirit power, or fear or mental ability is poor, csme, or ego orientation and high, self-centered, not negative karmas with others.

长期以来，受应试教育的影响，我们一些教师未能正确处理传道、授业、解惑三者的辨证关系，把教学的重点只放在让学生接受具体知识，理解概念，掌握解题方法和步骤上，以期考试得高分，却忽视了培养学生确立正确的人生观、世界观、价值观的重要性，因而培养出来的学生在人格上或多或少存在一些缺陷：缺乏追求进步的精神动力，或畏惧困难，或抗挫心理能力差，情绪起伏大，或自我定位太高，以自我为中心，无法与他人善处等等。

This article has proposed a need-oriented education philosophy, which is "entire, staged, synchronized and packaged" towards the university students' career development, by means of on-the-spot investigation, summating the characteristics of the current university students'demand in career development, and analyzing the factors which may affect the university students' career development counseling.

通过实地调查，总结当前大学生对职业生涯教育的需求特点，并分析影响大学生职业生涯教育的因素，提出基于需求导向的&全程、分段、同步、配套&的大学生职业生涯教育理念。

The results indicated that most students were dependent on the problem's surface structure for their sortings. Futhermore, an interaction effect was found between the student's grade and their achievement. As the grade level increase, instesad of using surface structure, high achievement students tended to sort problems according to their semantic structure. On the contrary, low achievement students became relied more and more on the surface structure of the problems while sorting.

另外，学童之年级及其数学成就对他们采用何种策略解题有交互影响；随年级的提升，高数学成就组学童倾向放弃弃表面特徵，而改较高层次的语意结构作为分类的基础；反之，五年级低成就组学童则变得更依赖问题的表面特徵作为分类的依据。

Research found, generally speaking, students' concept image is not fully covered about quadrilaterals. That is to say, some graph is excluded wrongly. For example:students took oblique square is rhombi, not square. This phenomenon probably caused by they see the typical shape all the time, which will impact the development of the higher level reasoning. Say, students might not be able to understand the inclusion relationship between square and rhombi.

研究发现，学生在四边形几何图形的概念心像上普遍有包含性不足的情况，也就是有些图例被错误地排除（如：以为斜摆的正方形是菱形，但不是正方形），此一现象应与学生接触的通常是典型图例所致，且会影响更高层次的几何推理之发展，例如无法理解正方形与菱形的包含关系。

This study found:a indications of differences in the number of personal rebuttals posted in reply to direct challenges between more versus less open students(ES=+0.33);b significant differences in the number of rebuttals posted between males and females(ES=+0.66);c significant differences in number of personal rebuttals posted between the less versus more open students among the males(ES=+1.32),but not among the females(ES=-0.19);and dno difference in the types of responses posted in reply to challenges between more versus less open students.

研究发现：1思想开放的学生在讨论问题时在提出的反驳次数上会有明显差异；2性别不同的学生在提出反驳的次数上有显著差异；3思想开放程度不同的男生之间，提出反驳的次数有显著差异；而在女生中则没有这种差异。4思想开放程度不同的学生在面对挑战时作出的反应是一样的。

In this kind of circumstance, the author, combinign what others have researched in the field with my own views, puts forward the music education that the implements the merthod of " eathesis and enjoyment ", under the condition of regarding students as the principle, inorder to turn pure knowledge infusion and vocational trainings appreciation and the ability of cognizance and pay attention to the development of students personality developmet and creation at the time of teaching students knowledge in the relaxed pleaing environment.

针对此种情况，笔者在前人对教育改革研究的基础上，综合自身见解，提出实施审美与快乐结合的音乐教育，在以学生为主的情况下，变原来单纯的知识灌输和技能训练为提高学生的审美认知能力，在轻松愉悦的环境中传授学生知识的同时注重学生个性的发展以及创造能力的培养。

Professional features: The teaching staffs focus on theory, practice and application upon education proceeding. During the proceeding, students will construct their compound knowledge of law and economic management by combined course system. Further, The students are encouraged to practise their knowledge by practical proceedings as novitiates, moot courts, court proceeding auditing, professional debates, doubtful cases analysis and social investigations etc.. These trainings enable the students to work with precise logical thought, excellent language managements and wonderful writing skills.

专业特色：在专业教学中注重对学生理论性、实践性、应用性等综合素质及能力的培养和训练；加大经济与管理类基础课程的教学，形成学生的&复合型&课程体系的市场竞争优势；强化训练法学研究、法律咨询和服务的方法；突出实践教学环节，运用见习、模拟审判、法院旁听、专题辩论、疑案分析和社会调查等多种形式，使学生具有严谨的逻辑思维、良好的语言表达、较高的文字写作等能力。

There are more than 1,000 students get the prize in national competition. In addition to English lessons, there are 60 foreign students and 210 Chinese children take part in the Japanese and Korean lessons. In the Art education, we hire 31famous music teachers to set up the Fork Band, Wind Band, Symphony Orchestra and other teams. More than 1,000 students join the Fork Band, Wind Band and learn the violin. The bands go to Japan, Korea, Canada, France, Germany and England to do cultural interaction.

学校先后有1000余人次的学生在国家级比赛中获奖，除英语课外，还开设日语、韩语选修课，吸引了60位外籍学生以及210名中方孩子参加学习；在艺术教育方面，外聘31位知名音乐教师，学校建成了民乐队、管乐队、交响乐团等多个艺术队，使参加民乐、管乐、小提琴学习的学生达到1000余人，乐队先后赴日本、韩国、加拿大、法国、德国、英国等国家进行文化交流。

Through analysis and discussion in the following chapters, four strategies are summarized for teachers' further reference.(1) The individualized physical education program－Through the plan with similar to IEP, teachers arrange physical activities properly for children with mental retardation.(2) Cognitive behavior modification－Through demonstration and guidance, students are able to change behaviors by modeling and correcting their cognitive patterns.(3) Task analysis approach－Teachers have to divide a particular movement skill into several individual sub-skills and then students would be able to master that specific skill by linking every well-practiced sub-skill.(4) Data processing mode－Students are motivated to learn with fun because the target skill has been analyzed into meaningful and organized procedures.

经过分析与探讨，本文提供四大体育教学策略供从事体育教学之教师参考：一、个别化体育计划——透过类似个别化教育计划（Individual Education Program， IEP）的计划，让教师先对智能障碍学童的需求与体育活动作适当的安排；二、认知行为改变技术——教师以示范、引导的方式，使智能障碍学童经由模仿，修正认知，让行为得以改变；三、工作分析法——教师先将动作技能分解成数个分项，智能障碍学童经充份练习每一分项，最后再将每个细部动作串联；四、讯息处理模式——透过教师引发学习动机，并将动作以有意义化与组织化的学习方式，让智能障碍学童从乐趣中学得动作技能。

In order to show the true situation of conjecture and hypothesis thinking activity of middle school students when they are doing scientific activities, this study takes the physics subject as the background, the students of grade 3, junior middle school and grade 2, senior middle school as research subjects. We use a well-knitted questionnaire and clinic interviews which is combined with two true question situation to examine the students who are selected from 4 middle schools in Dongkou County of Hunan Province, the study has a comprehensive and detailed first-hand materials.

为了深入了解中学生在科学活动中进行猜想与假设思维活动的真实情况，本研究以物理学科为背景，以初三和高二学生为研究对象，通过精心设计调查问卷以及两个真实的问题情境，采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方式，在湖南省洞口县随机选取四所中学的224 名中学生进行了关于猜想与假设思维活动的调查研究，获得了比较全面、详细的第一手资料。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。