查询词典 strain

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The mutants were further screened through repeated fermentations as well as the measurement of their physical properties. The results showed that some major fermentation indexes of strain HJ1615-d4 such as alcoholicity, fermenting power,total acids and flavoring components etc. were almost the same as those of the original strain. However, its urea yield was only 15.41 mg/L, louer 50 % than that of the original strain.

对这4株突变株进行发酵栓实验，并测定其发酵综合性能，其中菌株HJ1615-d4在发酵力、总酸、酒精度以及风味物质等综合指标方面保持了亲株的优良性状，同时产尿素的量为15.41 mg/L，低于出发菌株产尿素量50 %以上。

In the procedure of multilevel cyclic loading, the stress-strain curve displays cusped hysteresis loop, which moves toward the direction of strain increasing with time and strain amplitude increasing, indicating the generation of plastic strain continuously.

在多级循环荷载过程中，岩石的应力-应变关系呈现尖叶状的滞后回线，滞后回线随着循环次数的增加向应变增大的方向移动，并不断地产生弹塑性应变。

Results The whole genome of CVB4 jlu06 strain consisted of 7 395 nucleotides encoding 2183 amino acids, which showed high homologies to other CVB4 strains, with the mutations of 10 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis proved that CVB4 jlu06 strain showed close relationship to HumanCB4 and POLG_CXB4 strains while showed remote relationship to CXB2 strain. Unlike other non-diabetogenic strains, CVB4 jlu06 strain showed common amino acids with diabetogenic strains at 4 sites in 3A region of non-structural protein.

结果 CVB4 jlu06株基因组全长7395个核苷酸，编码2183个氨基酸，与其他CVB4株的同源性较高，且发生了10个氨基酸的变异，与HumanCB4和POLG_CXB4亲缘关系较近，与CXB2亲缘关系较远；CVB4 jlu06株与具有潜在致糖尿病性病毒株，在非结构蛋白3A区4个位点有共同的氨基酸，与非致病毒株不同。

These tests show that: 1. suction decreases with the increase of the water saturation in the chalk; 2. stress variants proposed are available for describing the stress state of the unsaturated chalk; 3. preconsolidation pressure increases with suction, while the effects of suction on the compressibility coefficients λ and κ are not evident; 4. as usual unsaturated soils, the permeability to oil of chalk increases with the suction; 5. yield strength of the chalk behaves with volumetric strain hardening; 6. cohesive behaviour of the chalk is related to the stress level, and relation between time-dependent deformation and logt is linear; 7. cohesion of the chalk decreases with the increase of the suction, while the elastic stiffness and the cohesion coefficient increase; 8. strength and elastic modulus increase with the strain rate, while the strain at the peak strength decreases with the increase of the strain rate.

试验结果表明，白垩中的虹吸力随水饱和度的降低而提高；吸力、水饱和度和强度的变化过程均与时间有关；可用由理论分析得到的应力状态变量描述非饱和白垩的平衡状态；前期固结压力随吸力增加而提高，而压缩指数λ与κ则同吸力无关；应力大于前期固结压力时，粘性变形与时间的对数关系曲线呈线性关系，其大小和增长速率均随吸力减小而增大，可视为白垩弹性刚度降低和粘性系数增大的结果；前期固结压力和变形模量随着应变速率的提高而提高，压缩指数κ和λ则随应变速率的提高而减小；应变速率较低时，粘性和吸力对前期固结压力及压缩指数的影响较小；白垩中油的渗透性随着吸力增加而提高；白垩在屈服阶段具有明显的体积应变硬化特性。

The Evolutional manners and dimensional rules of γmatrix and γ'precipitates in the [001], [110] and [111] oriented specimens of nickel-base single crystal superalloy CMSX-4 during the tensile creep at 1253 K and 350 MPa were studied.The effects of the change in characteristic dimensions of γand γ' phases on the strain and strain rate were compared for the differently oriented single crystal specimens.It was found that the effect of change in mean width of γchannels along the direction of directional coarsening of γ' precipitates(the lamella spacings between adjacent rafted γ'precipitates)on the strain and strain rate is remarkable.

研究了1253K，350MPa拉伸蠕变过程中[001]，[110]和[111]取向镍基单晶高温合金CMSX－4基体相γ和析出相γ'的演变方式及相尺寸的变化规律比较了不同取向单晶试样中γ和γ'特征尺寸的变化对蠕变应变量和应变速率的影响结果表明，沿γ'定向粗化方向上γ基体通道宽度的变化速率对蠕变应变量和应变速率的影响较为明显。

Activity of s AChE and GSTs was elevated in 4 strains,of which the activity of AChE and GSTs in KFQ strain and BYS strain was 1.57 fold and 2.33 fold respectively compared with susceptible strain.Activity of AChE and GSTs was decreased in one strain,activity of AChE was elevated but activity of GSTs was decreased in other 3 strains.

有4种品系可使AChE和GSTs活性提高，其中KFQ品系、LD品系与敏感品系相比，AChE的活性分别提高了1.57倍和1.44倍；BYS品系使GSTs活性提高了2.33倍；有3种品系可使AChE活性提高，使GSTs活性下降；另有一种品系使AChE和GSTs活性均下降。

The challenge viruses included 5 strains of different tyDe of adenovirus,1 strain ofNSV-1,1 strain of rhinovirus,1 strain of Sendai virus,and 1 strain of VSVS,The antiviral ac-tivity of TNF-αand LFN-αare specific,and with wide spe...

结果提示TNF－α和IFN－α均具有广谱抗病毒活性。TNF－α的抑毒作用能被TNF－α申抗和IFN－β单抗完全去除，被IFN－α单抗部分去除TNF－α的抗病毒效应。TNF－－α中和试验的结果提示：TNF抗病毒活性仍为IFN－β诱生所介导。

The company's product line is mainly divided into: strain force / weight sensors, strain gauge torque / force many sensors and transmitters, strain sensors and fluid pressure-type transmitter and sensors with high precision strain gauge resistive products such as .

公司的产品线主要分为：应变式测力／称重传感器、应变式扭矩／多分力传感器及变送器、应变式流体压力传感器及变送器和传感器用高精度电阻式应变计等产品。

Ata28 strain was mutated by UV with the most optimum mutant time, including 10, 20, 30s, that was chosen by the trial tests, considering the lethality rate and positive mutation rate of Ata28; it was found that 15 mutant strains were shown antagonism against Tbs3 strain by antagonism test on PDA plate, inhibition zone of mutant strains exceeded the original strain Ata28, and the maximum of inhibition zone reached 9.4mm; the mutant strain Uv-126 was found most effective in tobacco brown spot control and a rate of efficiency control reached 52.2% on tobacco plants three days after bacteria spraying.

采用硫酸二已酯诱变Ata28菌株，通过预备实验，计算Ata28菌株在不同诱变时间的致死率和正变率，选择该菌株的最佳诱变时间20min，40min，60min诱变；通过平板对峙培养，筛选出17个突变菌株在PDA平板上可明显抑制Tbs3的生长，抑菌带高于出发菌株Am28，抑菌带最大值达10.5 mm；经温室控病初筛和复筛试验，获得了对烟草赤星病有较好防效的突变菌株Des-66、Des-50，烟苗经Des-66、Des-50菌液处理3d后，接种Tbs3的防治效果达52.0％、56.6％，比出发菌株Ata28的防治效果好。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了