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An h-VRSA strain isolated from clinical specimen was induced to increase its resistance to vancomycin in vitro. The coagulase, lecithinase, hemolysin of this resistant strain and its pathogenicity to laboratory animals were examined in comparison with that of the standard S. aureus ATCC29213 strain.

使用万古霉素体外诱导方法将h-VRSA在体外逐渐诱导为VISA，通过对侵袭性酶、毒素的检测及动物致病性观察，并与金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株比较，了解其致病性的变化规律。

The value of strain-hardening coefficient can be determined from the slope of logσ-logε curve, which is numerically equal to the maximum uniform true strain. So the strain-hardening coefficient can be used to evaluate the extend of uniform plastic deformation.

由拉伸实验得到的logσ-logε曲线的斜率即为应变硬化指数，其数值与材料拉伸变形时的最大均匀应变相等，是衡量材料塑性均匀变形能力的力学指标。

Methods Peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were infected in vitro by three different Leptospira strains, the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai, the avirulent L. interrogans serovar Lai type strain IPAV, and the nonpathogenic L. biflexa serovar Patoc type strain PatocⅠ, respectively, and heat inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis was added 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6 h after infection and incubated for 30 min. The effect of Leptospira on the phagocytosis of macrophage was evaluated by the inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index. Phagocytosis and ultrastructure of peritoneal macrophages were observed by transmission electron microscopy 3 h after infection, and changes of cytoskeleton of the macrophages were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.

用三种不同毒力的钩体（致病性问号钩端螺旋体赖型有毒株Lai株、赖型无毒株IPAV株以及非致病性双曲钩端螺旋体Patoc型PatocⅠ株）分别感染体外培养的豚鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，并分别于感染后0.5、1.5、3和6 h加入热灭活表皮葡萄球菌孵育30 min，通过计算巨噬细胞对灭活表皮葡萄球菌的吞噬率和吞噬指数，检测钩体对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响；感染后3 h透射电镜观察巨噬细胞对钩体的吞噬、降解和细胞超微结构的变化；用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞对钩体的吞噬和巨噬细胞细胞骨架的变化。

The rise stress-strain curves of recycled aggregate concrete are similar to those of the normal concrete, cubic polynomial are proposed for the rise stress-strain curve of concrete, and the peak strain are higher than normal concrete.

应力应变曲线的上升段与普通混凝土相似，都是用3次多项式拟合，其峰值应变比普通混凝土高。

Mycelium bourgeoning test of solid culturing with liquid strain showed the optimum culture condition was as follows: 4d strain age, 10% inoculation quantity, stirring inoculation mode. Mycelia would overgrow 250ml culturing bottle within 1 week. Compared with traditional technique, the result showed that solid culturing with liquid strain by this means would reduce culture period greatly.

通过液体菌种固体栽培菌丝萌发试验，确定最佳液体菌种种龄为：摇瓶菌种6d，发酵罐菌种4d，接种量为10％，搅拌式接种，以这种方式进行固体栽培，1周内即可使菌丝于250ml培养瓶种发透，与传统方法比较，大大缩短了栽培周期。

By analyzing these data, it indicates that strain-rate can enhance the flow stress, while temperature will lower flow stress, and after remained in a steady state, each stress—strain curve will be parallel to the strain coordinate axis.

数据分析表明，应变率对流动应力具有强化作用，温度对流动应力具有弱化作用，稳态变形后，各应力—应变曲线都变为一条趋于与应变坐标轴平行的直线。

The ultrastructure studies show that the number of mitochondria in the motor neurons from resistant strain are higher than those of the susceptible strain, and the thickness of neural lamella and perineurium of resistant strain is thicker than those of the susceptible insects.

棉铃虫抗性种群、对照种群、同种群不同龄期幼虫以及同一个体胸、腹神经节的神经细胞体外培养时形态无明显差异，但抗性品系幼虫运动神经元内线粒体明显增多，且神经围鞘与神经节膜厚度之比明显增加。

Combining with the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.50478032), following researches were done in this thesis: 1 The variation regularity of the ultimate anti-bending capacity of therectangular-sectioned beam with different corrosion has been obtained through thequalitative analysis of 48 beams (32 corroded beams and 12 comparing beams) withaccelerated corrosion; 2 The conclusion has been obtained that the strain of corroded steel bar andconcrete no longer fit in with the assumption of plane section through the analysis ofthe strain data, the strain relation of steel bar and concrete in the mid-span section ofvariously corroded beams at ultimate has been obtained. Through the building of newgeometric relation, the expression of the height of compressive area in the corrodedbeam with rectangular section has been deduced, and the formula with corrosion rateas the main variable for the anti-bending capacity of the corroded concrete beam hasbeen suggested and verified by experiment.; 3 The influence of steel bar corrosion and the concrete regression to the flexureductility coefficient of the corroded structure component has been analyzed. Based onthe relation of steel bar and concrete at yield and ultimate, the expression for theflexure at yield and ultimate of corroded reinforced concrete beam, and the model forthe calculation of the flexure ductility has been built.

本文结合国家自然科学基金项目(50478032)"既有钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠度研究"，主要进行了以下研究工作： 1通过对48根快速锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁(32根锈蚀梁和12根对比试验梁)数据的定性分析，得到了不同锈蚀率下，锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁极限抗弯承载力的变化规律； 2通过对应变数据的分析，论证了锈蚀构件钢筋和混凝土的应变不再符合平截面假定的结论，并通过回归分析得出了不同锈蚀率的螺纹钢筋梁和光圆钢筋梁在极限弯矩作用下，跨中截面处钢筋应变和钢筋处混凝土应变的关系，通过构造新的几何关系，得出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁计算受压区高度的表达式，既而得出了以锈蚀率为主要变量的锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁的正截面抗弯计算建议公式，并通过试验数据加以验证； 3分析了钢筋锈蚀和混凝土劣化对锈蚀构件曲率延性系数的影响，结合钢筋屈服和极限弯矩两种状态下钢筋和混凝土的应变关系，分别得到了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁屈服曲率和极限曲率的计算表达式；既而推导出曲率延性系数的计算模型。

The stress-strain relationship has been investigated with reference to the relative orientations of the principal axes of stress and strain, to the connection between the Lode's parameters of stress- and strain-ratios, and also t...

試驗結果并示出：应力应变关系对复杂加載的敏感性似与变形的塑性程度有关：塑性程度愈大时，复杂加載下的实际应力应变关系对形变理論中各項基本假定的偏差似也愈大。

The quasi linear dependence of Raman shift upon fiber strain was first used to measure the residual thermal strain along the fiber axis.Then the same dependence was used to determine the fiber strain during pull-out test.Finally the distribution of striain along the fiber axis was converted to the distribution of interfacial shear stress.

利用纤维拉曼峰波数偏移与纤维所受应变的近似线性关系，首先测定纤维热残余应变的分布，随后对伸出玻璃基体外的纤维段施加给定的拉伸应变，沿纤维轴向用拉曼光谱术逐点测定基体内外纤维的应变，最后依据力平衡原理将应变分布转换为界面剪切应力沿纤维轴向的分布。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。