查询词典 strain at

The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deforming temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of the alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function with a hot deformation activation energy of 196.27 kJ/mol. Partial recystallization takes place in the alloys deformed at a high temperature or at a low strain rate, and large number of dislocations and subgrains are observed in the alloy. The elongated grains observed in the samples coarsen with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Correspondingly, the subgrain size increases and the dislocation density decreases. The main soften mechanism of the alloy transforms from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.

结果表明：Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力随着温度的升高而减小，随着应变速率的增大而增大；该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述，其变形激活能为196.27kJ/mol；在变形温度较高或应变速率较低的合金中发生部分再结晶，并且在合金组织中存在大量的位错和亚晶；随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低，合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化，亚晶尺寸增大，位错密度减小，合金的主要软化机制逐步由动态回复转变为动态再结晶。

Results indicate that when the strain rate is 1200 s-1, the twin number of samples in different orientation increases with plastic strain increasing; when the strain rate increases to 2800 s-1, the σ-ε curves have no obvious charges as the angle is 0o and 45o, compared with that at 1200 s-1; however the σ-ε curves vary from concave to convex when the angle is 90o, because thermal softening has occurred with increasing plastic strain, which results in the number of twin decreasing, and smaller strain hardening

结果表明：当加载应变率为1200 s-1时，不同取样方向的样品中孪晶数量均随塑性变形应变量的增大而增多；当加载应变率增大到为2800 s-1时，取样方向为0°和45°、流变曲线形状较应变率为1200 s-1时没有明显变化，而取样方向为90°时曲线形状由应变率为1200 s-1时的凹形变为凸形，曲线形状变化的原因是由于应变量增大，热软化效应使得孪

At the same time, under the condition of small strain, firstly, the secant shear modulus was always larger than the tangent shear modulus. Secondly, when the logarithmic coordinates were applied to describe shear strain, the decrease of shear modulus with shear strain could be expressed by reversed S shape curve with two inflexion points, and through analyzing and validating, the deduced equation could perfectly reflect this characteristic. Finally, different stress paths and strain areas would lead to different attenuation trends.

而且，在小应变范围内，割线剪切模量总是大于切线剪切模量；当剪切应变采用对数坐标表示时，剪切模量随着剪切应变的增加而衰减，且衰减的规律都可以表示为带有两个拐点的反S型曲线，经分析验证本文所得公式3可以对此特性进行很好地反映；但应力路径、应变范围不同其衰减幅度不同。

Both of the thermophiles were motile by means of lophotrichous flagella and had high growth rate on medium containing cellulose. Optimal growth occured at 60℃ for the two thermophiles and at PH 7. 5 for Y, PH 7. 37. 5 for W strain. Y strain produced yellow pigment in cellulose medium and had yellow-colored, round or watery colonies in cellulose agar. The colonies of W strain were white -colored and similar in form to that of Y strain. The mesophile, Clostridium sp. B, was motile with peritrichous flagella. The colonies grown on cellulose agar were white and round with slightly undulate margins. The optimal growth temperature and PH of B strain were 40℃ and 7. 0-7. 2, respectively. All of the three Clostridia fermented varieties of carbohydrates and in cellulose media produced the similar end-products: CO〓H〓, ethanol and acetic acid. The DNA compositions were 34 mol% for Y and B, 35 mol% for W strain.

嗜热菌y与w在含纤维素的培养基中生长迅速，其最适生长温度均为60℃；最适PHy为7.5，w为7.3-7.5.y菌在纤维素培养基中产生黄色，在纤维素琼脂中菌落为黄色并呈圆形或流动粥样。w菌落为白色，但形状与y菌类似，嗜温菌B在纤维素琼脂上菌落为白色，圆形，边缘呈微小波状，最适PH与温度分别为7.0-7.2和40℃，三支菌都可发酵多种碳水化合物，且在纤维素培养基中产生同样的产物：CO〓H〓，乙醇和乙酸，三者DNA组成分别是y为34mol%，w 35mol%，B 34mol%。

Combining with the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.50478032), following researches were done in this thesis: 1 The variation regularity of the ultimate anti-bending capacity of therectangular-sectioned beam with different corrosion has been obtained through thequalitative analysis of 48 beams (32 corroded beams and 12 comparing beams) withaccelerated corrosion; 2 The conclusion has been obtained that the strain of corroded steel bar andconcrete no longer fit in with the assumption of plane section through the analysis ofthe strain data, the strain relation of steel bar and concrete in the mid-span section ofvariously corroded beams at ultimate has been obtained. Through the building of newgeometric relation, the expression of the height of compressive area in the corrodedbeam with rectangular section has been deduced, and the formula with corrosion rateas the main variable for the anti-bending capacity of the corroded concrete beam hasbeen suggested and verified by experiment.; 3 The influence of steel bar corrosion and the concrete regression to the flexureductility coefficient of the corroded structure component has been analyzed. Based onthe relation of steel bar and concrete at yield and ultimate, the expression for theflexure at yield and ultimate of corroded reinforced concrete beam, and the model forthe calculation of the flexure ductility has been built.

本文结合国家自然科学基金项目(50478032)"既有钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠度研究"，主要进行了以下研究工作： 1通过对48根快速锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁(32根锈蚀梁和12根对比试验梁)数据的定性分析，得到了不同锈蚀率下，锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁极限抗弯承载力的变化规律； 2通过对应变数据的分析，论证了锈蚀构件钢筋和混凝土的应变不再符合平截面假定的结论，并通过回归分析得出了不同锈蚀率的螺纹钢筋梁和光圆钢筋梁在极限弯矩作用下，跨中截面处钢筋应变和钢筋处混凝土应变的关系，通过构造新的几何关系，得出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁计算受压区高度的表达式，既而得出了以锈蚀率为主要变量的锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁的正截面抗弯计算建议公式，并通过试验数据加以验证； 3分析了钢筋锈蚀和混凝土劣化对锈蚀构件曲率延性系数的影响，结合钢筋屈服和极限弯矩两种状态下钢筋和混凝土的应变关系，分别得到了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁屈服曲率和极限曲率的计算表达式；既而推导出曲率延性系数的计算模型。

In this paper, based on the triaxial test, it is discovered that the structured loess has special mechanical effect of shearing strain rate, and it is proved that the structured loess also has the phenomena of strain rate softening. The CU shear strength and cohesion c increase at first, then decrease with the increase of strain rate, and a critical rate exists; the angel of internal friction doesn't change visibly with the strain rate.

通过结构性黄土三轴试验研究，发现结构性黄土具有独特的剪应变速率力学效应，"应变速率软化"现象同样存在于结构性黄土中；其CU剪切强度和凝聚力c随剪应变率的增大而呈现先增大后减小的特征，存在临界速率现象，而内摩擦角随剪切速率的增大基本上呈线性减小的趋势。

Results The whole genome of CVB4 jlu06 strain consisted of 7 395 nucleotides encoding 2183 amino acids, which showed high homologies to other CVB4 strains, with the mutations of 10 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis proved that CVB4 jlu06 strain showed close relationship to HumanCB4 and POLG_CXB4 strains while showed remote relationship to CXB2 strain. Unlike other non-diabetogenic strains, CVB4 jlu06 strain showed common amino acids with diabetogenic strains at 4 sites in 3A region of non-structural protein.

结果 CVB4 jlu06株基因组全长7395个核苷酸，编码2183个氨基酸，与其他CVB4株的同源性较高，且发生了10个氨基酸的变异，与HumanCB4和POLG_CXB4亲缘关系较近，与CXB2亲缘关系较远；CVB4 jlu06株与具有潜在致糖尿病性病毒株，在非结构蛋白3A区4个位点有共同的氨基酸，与非致病毒株不同。

A correlation of the experimentaldynamic response of the vessels with the theoretical finite element calculations ispresented and discussed.1 The response of the end caps is dominated by transverseand torsional deformation of the plates.The membrane strain is negligible compareto the lateral strain.2 In the lengthwise direction of the inner cylinder,themembrane strain has the same magnitude as that of the bending strain. But for theouter cylinder,the former is much smaller than the later at the same direction.3 Forboth the inner shell and the outer shell,hoop strains are primarily due to themembrane deformation.The amplitude of the circumferential flexural strain isconsiderably small.4 Peak strains in the vicinity of the connection portion of theend caps and the shells are very high.This is important to assess the safety of thecontainer in case of repeated use or tests.5 The applying load to the end cap isdifferent from that to the inner shell plate, but peak stains and nodal displacementsof these two structural parts are nearly the same.It can be inferred that the dynamicresponse of the end cap is greatly affected by the structural vibration excited by theimpulsive loading.

结果表明：1在本文所考虑的载荷水平下，平板变形以板的横向弯曲和扭曲为主，中面应变幅值比较小。2对于内容器，其纵向变形中弯曲应变和中面应变大小接近；而对于外容器，其纵向变形以弯曲为主，中面变形比较小。3内、外壳体的环向变形主要是中面应变，弯曲应变分量很小。4平板和壳体连接处应变很大，这对于多次使用或实验时评价结构安全有指导意义。5尽管内筒底板和大封头上的作用载荷有一定差别，但应变峰值和节点位移峰值基本相近，这说明脉冲载荷激发起来的结构振动对封头的动态响应有很大影响。

When NiTi alloy was tensiled at 600 ℃ and at a lower strain rate, the dynamic recrystallization occurred. Without electric field the stress-strain curves were characterized by periodical undee graph, while under the electric field they presented steady state. When deformation under the electric field, both strain hardening and recrystallization take place simultaneously, thus the flow stress curves exhibits steady state.

NiTi合金高温拉伸变形过程中会发生动态再结晶，在应变速率较低时其应力-应变曲线呈周期性波浪形，在应变速率较高时其应力-应变曲线则呈现较平滑稳定的态势；施加电场作用时抑制了这种周期波浪形变化，使应力-应变曲线呈平滑稳态变化。

The deforma-tion history and strain characteristic during deformation of material are describedby the flow line in which the deformation history and strain characteristic re-strain the crack initiation at stage II and the crack propagation at stage III.

材料的流变曲线描述了形变过程中的变形历史和应变特性，有明显的阶段性，其中第Ⅱ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的启裂过程，第Ⅲ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的扩展过程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。