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Stocks are on a par with the common stocks of RMB par value in rights and obligations.

种股票享有与人民币普通股票同等的权利义务。

Especially in the emerging results of the quarter downward inflection point of banking stocks, as well as sharply this year减仓holdings of real estate stocks, but also look askance at people.

特别是在第二季度出现的结果的银行股向下的拐点，以及今年大幅减仓的地产股，持有，而且也要看人侧目。

INVESTMENT MANAGERS CLASSIFY FIRMS that have high ratios of book-to-market equity, earnings to price, or cash flow to price as value stocks. Fama and French (1992,1996) and Lakonishok, Shleifer, and Vishny (1994) show that for U.S. stocks there is a strong value premium in average returns.

本研究对价值型个股与成长型个股的区别方式是透过 INVESTMENT MANAGERS CLASSIFY FIRMS 的定义，以股价净值比、本益比、或现金流量对价格比中，较低的个股定义为价值型个股，较高的则定义为成长型个股。

We introduce convex,and in particular semidefinite,optimization methods,duality and complexity theory to shed new light to this relation for the single stock problem, given moments of the prices of the underlying assets,we show that we can find best possible bounds on option prices with general payoff funcations efficiently,either algorithmically(solving a semidefinite optimization problem)or in closed form, conversely,given observable option prices,we provide best possible bounds on moments of the prices of the underlying assets,as well as on the prices of the other options on the same asset by sovling linear optimization problems for options that are affected by multiple stocks either directly(the payoff of the option depends on multiple stocks)or indirectly(we have information on correlations between stock prices),we find on-optimal bounds using convex optimization methods,however,we show that it is NP-hard to find best possible bounds in multiple dimensions,we extend our results to incorporate transactions costs,this paper,in theory and practice can provide a reference to researchers and designers about Chinese financial derivative products,the full text is divided into six chapters as follows: ChapterⅠ:Papers on the background and significance of the subjects on a number of option pricing models as well as their advantages and shortcomings of the model and describes the status of research and writing papers and the main contents of the basic idea.

相应地，给定期权价格，也能够出标的资产瞬时价格的最有可能的最好的界。还有通过解决一个线性最优化问题，根据同一标的资产的其他期权的价格来找到这个期权的界值，对于期权受到多种股票价格直接影响(期权的收益依赖于多种股票)或者间接影响(我们有股票之间联系的有用信息)，如果使用凸规划方法我们就会发现没有最优的界，也能够证明对于多维情形确实是很难找到最优的最有可能的界值，最后将这一结论推广到考虑交易成本的情况。本文在理论和实践上给我国金融衍生产品研究者和设计者提供一定的参考。全文共分为六章，具体安排如下：第一章：阐述论文的选题背景和意义，介绍期权定价的一些模型以及这些模型的优点与缺点，并介绍国内外研究的现状以及论文的写作基本思路与主要内容。

That's why some investors who had correctly played the market rebound by loading portfolios with riskier, higher-paying stocks are now moving to safer stocks with lower payoffs, says Todd Sandoz, co-head of equities, Americas at Credit Suisse.

瑞士信贷美国股票部联席负责人桑多斯说，这就是一些将投资组合配置了高风险高收益的股票资产，准确参与了市场反弹的投资者现在转向回报较低、安全性更高的股票的原因。

At the same time, property stocks and coal stocks have become the object of short-term market sell-off.

同时，地产股，煤炭股已成为短期市场的销售对象了。

Theoretically, there is liquidity premium in the stock market, that is to say, to compensate liquidity risk, stocks with low liquidity would sell at a lower price and they would have higher return than higher liquidity stocks.

理论上说，在股票市场中，存在流动性溢价：如果股票流动性低，其交易成本就越大，投资者对持有该资产的预期收益就越高。

In the beginning, I have only 115 XX stocks. After increasing by dividend allotment and stock split, and decreasing by sold for life expense in past years, the number of my stocks has increased to 441 sheets till Jan.

在刚开始时，我只持有 XX 股票115张，经过这些年的增资配股的正成长以及不断卖出以应生活所需的负成长；到今天为止(2003年元月)，我已经拥有 XX 股票441张。

Firstly, the distance between stocks are calculated by using prices of stocks, and subdominant ultra-metric space by associating the minimum spanning tree of portfolio. Secondly, the subdominant ultra-metric space to the chart of index hierarchical structure is transformed, and finally the distribution of style is gained. Using sample of Shanghai Stock 50 Index from 2004 to 2007, the demonstration result shows that style of industry is more prominent horizontally, especially in the bank and steel industries. The style of region and cross holding also exists. And after the reform of non-tradable shares, style of industry becomes more obvious vertically and more other styles also occur.

首先利用股票价格计算出股间距离，并采用关联该证券组合的最小生成树优化方法，从而得到亚超度量空间；其次将此亚超度量空间转换成指数分层结构树图，最后得到风格的分布特征。2004~2007年的上证50实证结果表明：横向来看以行业分类的风格较为显著，其中以银行和钢铁也最为明显，此外还有与地区差异、交叉持股相关的风格效应显现；纵向则在股改后行业风格效应更显著，其它的风格也显现得更多。

Testing directly the hypothesis that the intercept is the risk-free rate when the weekly Treasury bill rate is used for this purpose, we accept this hypothesis at the 5% level for the groups of 30 and 60 stocks but reject it for groups of 90 stocks at the 10% level .

直接拦截试验是假设无风险利率当务周刊法案速度的快慢为此我们接受这个假说在5%左右的股票和60组30批90但拒绝为股票10%的水平。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新