查询词典 stockholders

Because traditional finance subject utmostly canonize the rational selected mode and methodology which keep the form of the financial interest need of the enterprise and its stockholders and the network of their financial relationship out of its analytic area, so liking the mainstream economics, traditional finance subject can not offer trustworthy explains to many financial affairs and can not prescribe the right policy prescription to the important financial problems, either. As a result of the logistic and realistic errors in the traditional mode, it will have an important and practical meaning to bring the new system principle into the analytic area of the financial subject and to develop the financial theory. The main points of this dissertation are as follows: The financial affairs of an enterprise are not the inner actions of the individual firm, but the function of the financial network of stockholders, so we should use the limit of the affairs not the inner property or inner driving force to interpret the financial affairs of an enterprise, we should use the method of circuital analysis not of individual analysis to investigate the financial affairs of an enterprise; The financial affairs of an enterprise is a social behavior, it is involved in the social structure and is restricted by the social structure, so we should care for the social characters, social responsibilities and social effects of the financial affairs of an enterprise; The financial network of stockholders is composed of five phases as follows: the finance of external stockholders, the finance of the operator, the finance of function, the finance of subsection and the finance of the stuff, in which the finance of the operator is dominant; The operational intensity and efficiency of the financial network of stockholders are influenced by technical factor as well as institutional factor, in which institutional factor is the fundamental character of financial affairs. Ultimately the substance of the financial affairs is the arrangement and operation for the financial system by stockholders; The relationship between enterprise and its stockholders is cooperative and conflicting. The important mechanism to solve the financial conflict between stockholders is the construction of the financial system, including the formal and informal system construction. Information and faith are the important mechanism to coordinate the financial conflict between stockholders, so we should pay much attention to the research of formal and informal system.

本文的主要观点是：企业财务行为不是企业个体内部的行为，而是利益相关者财务网络行为，因此应当用对行为的结构限制而不是企业个体的内在属性或内在驱力来解释企业的财务行为，用网络分析的方法而不是个体分析的方法研究企业财务行为；企业财务行为是一种社会行为，它嵌入于社会结构之中，受企业财务所处的社会结构的限定，因此应当关注企业财务行为的社会性质、社会责任和社会后果；利益相关者财务网络内含外部利益相关者财务、经营者财务、职能财务、分部财务和员工财务五个层次，其中经营者财务在其中占据主导地位；利益相关者财务网络的运作强度与运作效率既受技术性因素的影响，又受制度性因素的影响，其中制度性是财务的根本属性，企业财务的实质说到底还是面向利益相关者的一种财务制度性的安排与运作；企业与利益相关者之间以及利益相关者相互之间的财务关系具有合作性与冲突性，化解利益相关者财务冲突的重要机制是财务性的制度建设，包括正式制度建设与非正式制度建设，信息和信任是协调利益相关者财务冲突的重要机制，因此应当高度关注财务的正式和非正式制度的研究。

In order to safeguard the interests of small stockholders,we should perfect correspond legislation gradually,endow the right of vote for stockholder that consistent with their holding sections,definitude the obligation when big stockholders exert the vote right,realize contain between right and obligation,enhance supervision on the decision of stockholder meeting,endow small stockholders subornation right of claim under special condition,endow small stockholders the rights of instituting derive lawsuit under special condition.

为依法保护小股东的利益，应逐步完善相关立法，赋予股东与其所持股份相一致的表决权，明确大股东在行使表决权时所应承担的义务，以实现权利与义务的制衡；赋予小股东特定情形下的股份收买请求权；限制大股东的表决权；加强对股东会决议的监督；同时，赋予小股东在特定情形下提起派生诉讼的权利。

As a combo of contracts, there are costs of agent between consigners and agents in modern enterprises, also between stockholders and creditors, exteriors and interiors, larger stockholders and smaller stockholders, therefore, the core task of corporation governing is to minimize these agent costs mentioned above.

现代企业是一个契约联合体。由于契约不可能完备，在委托人与代理人之间产生了代理成本。

To protect the corporation assets effectively,some legal remedies Can be taken to prevent the frauds on using corporation opinion absorption mala fide:restricting the vote amount of the decision—— making shareholders by existing legal resources;stockholders'veto power on specified affairs of the limited company;establishing the market value safeguard system for the dissenting stockholders;expanding the mechanism of cumulative votes to melon——cutting vote;setting up the stock purchase system for the dissenting holders;and perfecting the mechanism of stockholders'secession.

为了有效保护公司财产安全，对曲意运用公司表意吸收方法进行欺诈的法律救济措施是：运用现有法律资源限制决策层股东的表决额；建立有限公司股东对特定事项的否决权；建立异议股东的市值保全制度；将累积投票方式扩大至公司分红表决；建立异议股东的股份收购制度和完善股东的退出机制。

Stockholders often find it difficult to attend the annual stockholders' meeting, so most vote on company matters by means of proxy, a form of absentee ballot.

股东发现出席年度股东大会是困难的，所以很多对公司事项的投票需要通过代表的方式进行。一种缺席投票方式。

The controlling stockholders of listed company of our country control the board of directors, manager"s floor and the supervisory-board, and pass the proposal of SEO ignoring the minority shareholders" interests. Even in the course of the management of listed company, it takes place occasionally that the controlling shareholders infringe the minority stockholders legitimate interests.

且我国上市公司控股股东控制公司董事会、经理层、监事会，甚至不顾中小股东的利益，通过增发议案，即使在公司的经营过程中，侵害中小股东合法利益的事件也时有发生。

In computing the rate of return on stockholders' equity, analysts should deduct the preferred dividends to maintain the equity belonging to common stockholders.

在计算股东权益报酬率时，分析者应当扣除优先股权益，只保留应该归属于普通股的权益。

There exists the principal-agent relationship between stockholders and managers,which takes on different patterns under different conditions:under the condition of symmetric information,it displays as order-subordinate rela- tion ship,which need not incite managers while stockholders can pay managers regular fee by contract;under the con- dition of dissymmetric information,it displays as a fellowship,which need incite managers because managers may per- form according to the payment.

股东和经营管理者之间存在委托代理关系，这种委托代理关系在不同情况下具有不同的表现形式：在信息对称条件下，表现为命令和服从关系，此时无需对经营管理者进行激励，股东以&强制合同&的形式支付给经营管理者确定的报酬即可；在信息非对称条件下，委托代理关系表现为合伙关系，对经营管理者的激励相当重要，因为经营管理者会根据激励强度来付出劳动。

Numerical solutions show that stockholders choose to exercise the investment option too early compared to the unleveled enterprise. Compared with value-maximizing policy, stockholders are inclined to overinvestment under the equity-maximizing investment policy, which affects the investment option value and optimal leverage choice, and does harm to the interests of bondholders. When debt constrained, the enterprise decreases the investment trigger first, and then increases it as constraints become more binding.

数值计算显示，与无负债企业相比，杠杆企业具有过度投资倾向以加快实现负债融资所带来的利息税盾价值；与企业价值最大化策略相比，在股东权益最大化目标下，股东具有较早执行投资期权的动机，影响投资期权价值和最优财务杠杆的选择，并侵害了债权人的利益。

But in practice,for abusing this principle,thereout lead the phenomenon of damaging the interests of small stockholders to be happened frequently and the investment passion of small stockholders is contused.

资本多数决原则在公司议事中的正当运用，能有力地保障公司经营决策的高效运行，但实践中，不泛对该原则的滥用，由此导致损害小股东利益的现象频发，挫伤了小股东的投资热情。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。