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The research results show that stiffness ratio of superstructure and ratio of damping and stiffness in isolated story have great influence on local deformation of structure. It can reduce the local deformation and increase entirety of structure effectively through rational laying rubber bearing and adjusting distribution of stiffness and damping in isolated story. The specific conclusion of the paper is that local deformation of isolated structure becomes minimality when translational stiffness ratio of superstructure is consistent with stiffness ratio of isolated story; and it also can reduce local deformation of minor structure by reducing damping ratio of isolated story properly.

本文研究表明，上部结构的刚度比及隔震层的刚度和阻尼比对结构的局部变形有着很大影响，通过橡胶垫的合理布置，调整隔震层的刚度和阻尼分布，能有效的减小结构的局部变形，提高结构的整体性，从而使隔震效果得以确保；本文的具体结论是，当上部结构的侧移刚度比与隔震垫刚度比一致或相近时，隔震结构的局部变形最小；适当减小子结构的隔震层阻尼比可减小该子结构的局部变形。

Commencing from the character analysis of overall stiffness matrix of finite element method, the author brings forward it which is important to realize full nonzero memory of overall stiffness matrix, obtains correlative interlink of nodal point from analyzing affiliated element of nodal point, conforms every submatrix's position in overall stiffness matrix, realizes full nonzero memory of overall stiffness matrix.

论文根据面向对象程序设计的特点，建立了有限元模型的相关类，给出了基本的程序设计框架。

Taking a heavy truck cab as the example, a model of the spotweld space based on finite element was built to analyse the torsional stiffness of the model, and the amount and layout of the spotweld using the discrete variable topology optimization were optimized. Comparing with the original model in welding spot's number and the torsional stiffness, the optimized model has less number of welding spot, but the torsional stiffness of the two model is almost the same.

以某重型卡车驾驶室为例，在有限元模型基础上建立焊点空间模型进行扭转刚度分析，并采用离散变量拓扑优化方法对焊点的数量及空间布局进行优化，通过优化前后的对比可知，优化后在不降低扭转刚度的同时减少了焊点数目。

On this basis, through the MATLAB software to map out the bode diagram of frequency characteristics of load stiffness, the relationship between the load changes frequency and the system stiffness was analyzed, the main parameters affecting the system stiffness were obtained.

在此基础上，通过MATLAB软件绘制出了负载刚度频率特性伯德图，并对负载变化频率与系统刚度的关系进行了分析，得出影响系统刚度的主要参数，为负荷传感型全液压转向系统的设计与改进提供理论依据。

New multi—objectives function (including mill stand longitudinal stiffness, distribution coefficient of loaded pressure between rolls, weight of mill stand, rolling power, rolls loaded gap profile changeability of bending force, transverse mill stand stiffness of bending force, transverse mill stand stiffness of rolling load) multi—constraints (including rolls strength, spindle strength, backup roll bearing load, minimum rollable gauge, roll surface temperature rise) rolls system parameters optimization model of four—high cold strip mill is established, and programme for mill structural illustration creation on the platform of AutoCad designs is compiled. With this as basis, rolls system parameters of Yichang thin strip corporation's 1219 cold mill are calculated using SUMT (subsequent unconstrained minimization technology).

本文建立了以板形和板凸度控制特性为目标的四辊轧机多目标函数（包括轧机纵向刚度、辊间压力分布系数、轧机重量、功率、弯辊力对轧机辊缝形状改变能力、对弯辊力的横向刚度、对轧制力的横向刚度）、多约束条件（包括轧辊强度、接轴强度、支承辊轴承负荷、最小可轧厚度、轧辊温升等）的辊系参数优化模型，以此模型为基础，利用惩罚函数法计算了益昌薄板公司1219冷轧机辊系参数，编制了AutoCAD平台下的轧机结构示意图自动图形软件。

A multiple-step beams model was established to analyze the static stiffness characteristics of the double parallel four-bar mechanism with right angle flexible hinges based on the symmetry of the structure. Formula for calculating the static stiffness was derived by applying singularity function. On the basis of this analysis, the factors influencing the stiffness performance of the double parallel four-bar mechanism were studied from its geometric parameters, and the theoretical model was verified by finite element method.

根据其结构的对称性建立了静刚度分析的阶梯梁模型，引入奇异函数法推导了柔性双平行四杆机构的静刚度计算公式，在此基础上，分析了柔性双平行四杆机构各尺寸参数对其静刚度的影响，并采用有限元方法对理论模型进行了验证。

Combining Rayleigh quotient of the stiffness matrix, the paper defined the index K used to estimate the mechanism stiffness, and plotted spatial graph of the stiffness performance.

结合刚度矩阵的瑞利商定义了刚度判定指标K，绘制出刚度性能空间图，进一步研究了操作端方向的刚度特性。

The coming forth of virtual prototyping technology presents a new approach to study gun stability, and based on establishment of dynamic model of selections of structure parameters, the effects of stiffness and damper of elevating mechanism, stiffness and damper of trail, stiffness and damper of soil, parity of recoil mass and parity of trunnion position on firing stability are first studied with virtual prototype of gun in this paper. An improved equation of sensitivity analysis is provided, and the important degrees of factors with different dimensions can be compared.

虚拟样机技术的出现为火炮射击稳定性研究提供了新的方法，文中在建立火炮动力学模型的基础上，通过选取火炮结构参数对火炮射击稳定性进行研究，利用虚拟样机分析高低机刚度和阻尼、大架刚度和阻尼、土壤介质刚度和阻尼、后坐品质偏心和耳轴位置偏心对火炮射击稳定性的影响。

This paper analyzes the nonlinear deformational process of the envelop structure and the cause of stiffness matrix singularity in details. In order to eliminate the stiffness matrix singularity, this paper puts forward solutions to apply bend stiffness to membrane materials.

本文详细地分析了囊体结构的非线性变形过程及刚度矩阵出现奇异的原因；并提出了给膜材料施加弯曲刚度来消除刚度矩阵奇异的解决办法。

These designing parameters include stiffness of epicyclical bearings, synthetic meshing stiffness of gears, stiffness of supporting bearing of out put shaft, mass of inner rack, meshing angle of gears, distance between inputting shaft and supporting shaft and input speed etc..

这些设计参数包括：行星轴承刚度、齿轮综合啮合刚度、输出轴支承轴承刚度、内齿板质量、齿轮啮合角、输入轴和支承轴间距及输入转速等，根据这些分析，可以提出改善三环传动动态性能的可能途径。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。