查询词典 sterile

Spikelets laterally compressed, florets several, all bisexual or lowest sterile and without a palea; rachilla glabrous, disarticulating above glumes and sterile floret and between fertile florets; glumes lanceolate, shorter than lemmas, subequal or unequal, scarious-membranous, 1–3-veined, obtuse to acuminate or aristulate; lemmas ovate-lanceolate, scarious-membranous, 3-veined, long-ciliate on lateral veins, keeled, apex setaceously bidentate with a short, often recurved awn from the sinus; palea shorter than lemma, hyaline, keels very shortly ciliate.

小穗侧面压扁，小花数个，全部不育和没有一内稃的最低的两性的或；高于颖片和不结果的小花无毛，脱节的小穗轴和在肥沃的小花之间；披针形的颖片，短于外稃，近等长或不等长，干膜质膜质，1-3脉，具小芒的钝到渐尖或；卵状披针形，干膜质的外稃膜质，3脉，具长缘毛在侧脉上，龙骨状，先端setaceously具双齿具短，通常下弯从那里那些凹缺；内稃短于外稃，透明，龙骨非常短的纤毛。

Leaves tufted; stipes 15-30 cm long, densely scaly at base, glabrous above; sterile lamina about 60 cm long and 20 cm wide, simply pinnate; pinnae numerous, alternate or subopposite, linear-lanceolate, the largest about 12 cm long and 1 cm wide, base cordate, apex acuminate, margin finely toothed; veins close, forking once or twice and forming areoles near the midrib; fertile lamina similar to sterile ones, but somewhat reduced, about 8 cm long and 0.4 cm wide, lower surface almost entirely covered with sporangia.

叶簇生；叶柄长15-30厘米，基部密被鳞片，向上近光滑；不育叶片长约60厘米，宽20厘米，一回羽状；羽片多数，互生或近对生，线状披针形，最长者长达12厘米，宽约1厘米，顶端长渐尖，基部心形，边缘有细密锯齿；叶脉1-2次分叉，近中脉形成网眼；能育叶与不育叶相似，但较小，长约8厘米，宽约0.4厘米，下部满布孢子囊。

There are three copies of R fragment in the S mt-genome, and each copy contains two closely adjacent open reading frames: orf355 and orf77. Among these three copies two BamHI fragments were cloned, and the sequence analysis showed that cox1 and cox2 gene lies upstream of the R region in each fragment, respectively. However, they locate in different strands and head to head with R. In this study, we found that:(1) The expression of cox1 and cox2 is not affected by the transcription of R region;(2) The two copies of R region transcribe in large amount in the microspores, and produce transcripts of 1.6kb and 2.8kb, respectively, in the sterile microspores; However, the abundance of these two transcripts is reduced in the fertility restored microspores, realized through the mRNA decay, and this reduction occurs at the uninucleate microspore stage;(3) In the sterile microspores, the 5 terminus of the 1.6kb transcript contains a palindrome region that can fold into a stem-loop.

本研究发现：(1) cox1和cox2的转录没有受到R区转录的影响；(2)两个拷贝的R区在在不育花粉中高丰度表达，其转录本大小分别为1.6kb和2.8kb；而在育性恢复的花粉中，这两个转录本的丰度被大大降低，进一步分析表明这一结果是通过mRNA分子的降解途径来实现的，此降解过程发生在单核花粉期；(3)在不育花粉中，1.6kb转录本的5′末端具有一段可形成茎环结构的迴文对称序列，而在可育花粉中，其5′末端短缺了9个碱基；(4)在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，R区转录本的加尾位点都集中位于一个3′茎环结构之后；(5)不管是在不育花粉还是育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均在第52位和100位核苷酸处发生了不同频率的C向U的编辑，从而形成UGA终止密码；(6)不管是orf55-orf77的成熟转录本还是转录前体分子，都已被加上了Poly尾巴，表明已进入降解途径；在以上实验结果的基础上，本研究对S型CMS花粉育性的恢复机理进行了如下推测：在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均发生了终止编辑，即由RNA编辑产生了提前终止密码子。

There were on unique different protein observed in flag leaf at different development stage; but unique different protein were found in young spike at uninucleate microspore stage and non-1B/ 1R type male sterile lines lack a 17kD polypeptide compared with maintainers; at binucleate microspore stage and non-1B/ 1R type male sterile lines increase 17kD polypeptide compared with maintainers.

利用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳技术对采用丙酮沉淀法提取的K型，C49S型和YS型小麦不育系和保持系旗叶小穗发育的单核期和二核期中的可溶性蛋白进行比较后发现，非1B/1R类K型不育系732A在小穗发育的单核期比同时期相应保持系732B少1条分子量为17kD的多肽，在小穗发育的二核期比同时期相应保持系732B多1条分子量为17kD的多肽。

The observation showed that sterile plants and fertile plants in the pollen mother cell stage is not very different, when microspore mother cells of male sterile plants enter meiosis period, it could form normal tetrad cell , tetrad cell is normal in early development stage, In the uninucleate microspore stage , tapetal cells were vacuolization, the microspores were extruded to the middle by tapetal cells.

本研究利用石蜡切片法，结合光学显微镜技术对樱桃萝卜核质互作雄性不育系的不育株和对应保持系可育株的花药发育过程进行细胞形态学观察，观察结果表明：不育株与可育株在花粉母细胞时期差别不大，不育株的花药小孢子母细胞进入减数分裂期后，可以正常的形成四分体，四分体前期发育正常，而在单核小孢子期绒毡层细胞出现液泡化，绒毡层细胞向中间挤压小孢子。

The results showed that about610 protein spots could be visualized on the two dimensional electrophoresis map bycoomassie brilliant blue staining within Mr 9.0～100.0kD and pH 4～7,and about 94 spotswere differential expressed between male-sterile line and its maintainer line by PDQuestsoftware.Among those differential proteins,about 49 spots and 40 spots were differentialexpressed between uninucleate anther stage and binucleate stage respectively;Meanwhilecomparing with the 2-DE maps of the total proteins from the binucleate anther stage anduninucleate stage,15 differential spots were detectable at male-sterile line;and 16 differentialspots were detectable at its maintainer line.

在分子量9.0～100.0 kD、等电点4～7线性范围内，可识别约610个蛋白质点，PDQuest软件分析结果表明：在单核期不育系和保持系之间存在40个差异蛋白质点，二核期两者共有49个差异点；不育系在单核期和二核期两者之间存在有15个差异点，保持系在两个不同时期有16个差异点；不育系与保持系间在表达量上的差异蛋白质点以及不育系与保持系间特异表达或特异缺失的蛋白质点很可能与小麦雄性不育有关。3。

In order to produce a good F1 hybrid variety in wheat, it is necessary to explore a new male-sterile cytoplasm and its nuclear restore gene. Four alloplasmic male sterile lines of wheat with Aegilops cytoplasm were developed to identify mitochondrial DNA variation that could potentially be associated with cytoplasmic male sterility.

在杂交小麦选育中，为了更好地利用细胞质雄性不育性，研究与不断挖掘新的不育细胞质类型及其对应育性恢复基因以改良现有不育资源至关重要。

The 75kD polypeptide in SDS-PAGE about all protein in eight isonuclear alloplasmic and allonuclear isonuclear male-sterile lines had been found keeping close with the male sterile.

对8 个同核异质、同质异核不育系和相应保持系进行花药全蛋白SDS-PAGE，发现了75kD多肽与雄性不育关系密切。

To study the similarities and differences between male sterility induced by physiology and heredity, different male-sterile materials induced by heredity [S-type male-sterile line ms2611, ms1376] and physiology (induced by high temperature and chemical hybridizing agents SQ-1), Xinong 1376 and Xinong 2611 were used as materials, and their spikes at mononucleated prophase stage, anther and flag leaf at mononucleated anaphase stage, binucleated stage and trinucleated stage were used to conduct protein analysis.

为了研究小麦遗传型和生理型雄性不育在生化机制上的异同，以遗传型［S型不育系ms2611和ms1376］和生理型雄性不育小麦西农2611和西农1376（高温诱导和化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导的雄性不育）为材料，分别取其小孢子处于单核早期的幼穗，单核后期、二核期、三核期的花药及旗叶进行了可溶性蛋白质的比较研究。

The company exploited successfully the first full automatic wet ultrasonic rubber stopper cleaner in China, Nutsche Filter Washer Dryer (three-in-one), sterile dry granulator and sterile comminutor etc .

成功开发出国内第一代全自动湿法超声波胶塞清洗机以及过滤洗涤干燥机三合一设备、无菌干式造粒机及磨粉机等前沿产品。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。