查询词典 stem cells

To sum up, we first conclude that we can isolate mesenchymal stem cells from human fetal articular cartilage and they can be induced to differentiae into several cells under appropriate induction conditions. Anymore, they have their original tissue speciality. Therefore, we first report that mesenchymal stem cells of articular cartilage origin are superior to mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin as seeding cells of cartilage tissue engineering and we provide a kind of new seeding cells of cartilage tissue engineering for the future clinic application.

综上所述，我们首次报道不仅可从人胚胎的关节软骨中获得间充质干细胞，而且软骨来源的间充质干细胞除具有骨髓来源的间充质干细胞的多向分化能力外，还具有其来源的软骨组织特异性，那么，其作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞要优于骨髓来源的间充质干细胞，从而首次提出了一种新型的软骨组织工程的种子细胞，对于未来的软骨组织工程的临床应用提供理论依据。

The book provides reviews on many of the areas of stem cell, such as organ repair and regeneration; transcriptional regulation of blood stem cells; stem cells and tissue engineering; human fetal mesenchymal stem cells; gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells as cytoreagents for regenerative therapy ; pharmacological characterization of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyoctye cultures; adult stem cells in cardiac cellular transplantation; pancreas and liver regeneration and neogenesis; and stem cells and clinical application so on.

该书提供了干细胞许多领域的评论，例如器官修复和再生；血液干细胞的转录调控；干细胞和组织工程；人类胎儿间质干细胞；基因修饰的间质干细胞作为再生治疗的细胞试剂；胚胎干细胞来源的心脏肌细胞培养物的药理学特征；成熟干细胞在心脏细胞移植中的作用；胰腺和肝脏再生；以及干细胞及期临床应用等。

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are capable of chondrogenesis, making them a possible source of cells for injectable cartilage tissue engineering. There exist different ideas on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells's chondrogenesis in monolayer culture. Because of this, the effect of adult rabbit's bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenesis in monolayer culture was studied. The mesenchymal stem cells was isolated from adult rabbit's bone marrow and monolayer cultured. TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone were used. Immunohistochemistry analyses and histological staining of H-E, Methylaniline blue and Alcian blue were performed to identify the expression of collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. The results showed that the induced cells expressed and produced collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. This suggests that the differentiation of adult rabbit's marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocyte in monolayer culture is feasible and may be induced by TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone.

骨髓基质干细胞的软骨分化潜能使其可能成为可注射组织工程化软骨研究的种子细胞，为探讨体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下软骨分化的可行性，我们进行下列实验：获取并体外平面培养成体兔骨髓基质干细胞，应用TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松对其软骨分化诱导，诱导后的骨髓基质干细胞行细胞爬片组织学和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化，结果证实，诱导后骨髓基质干细胞可分泌Ⅱ型胶原，组织学染色可见类似于软骨细胞，由此证明体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下可以软骨分化，其软骨诱导因子为TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松。

In this study, the ovarial cancer stem cells were successfully obtained through the suspension culture of the ovarian cancer 0VCAR3 cell line in serum-free media. The stem cells formed spherical colonies, called "ovarispheres", and showed anchorage-independent ability. Furthermore, the bionomics and morphology of the stem cells were observed, and the expression difference of the tumor stem cells marker-ABCG2 between ovarispheres and anchorage-dependent cells was identified by using RT-PCR and Immunocytochemistry methods.

本研究通过无血清悬浮培养人卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR3，获得具有非锚着依赖能力的肿瘤干细胞球，观察其生物学特性及形态学的变化，并采用半定量逆转录—聚合酶链反应及细胞免疫化学的方法鉴定肿瘤干细胞标志ABCG2在贴壁细胞及肿瘤干细胞球中的表达差异。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

DATA SYNTHESIS: With the capability of multi-directional differentiation and self-duplication, stem cells can differentiate into different tissues and organs, including totipotential stem cells, embryonic stem cells and multipotent stem cells.

资料综合：干细胞具有多向分化潜能和自我复制功能，可分化成不同的组织和器官，包括全能干细胞、胚胎干细胞、多能干细胞。

Of CBMC can be purified by Mini-MACS as CD34〓 stem cells. B. The number of CD34〓 stem cells can expand to 40.24±9. 86 fold after 14 days. C. No matter in the expression of CD1a, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR, or in the function of stimulating xenogenous lymphocyte proliferation, there was no difference between CD34+ stem cell DCs or monocyte DCs. D. The percentage of CD3〓CD56〓 cells is the same in CIK cells co-culture with DCs transfected with SKOV3 RNA, CIK cells co-culture with DCs, and CIK cells. E. The expansion rate of CIK cells can be accelerated by co-culturing with loaded or unloaded DCs. However, the expansion rate between loaded or unloaded group is the same. F. The strongest cytotoxicity against SKOV3 cell line was achieved by CIK cells co-cultured with DCs loaded with SKOV3 RNA.

结果：1、Mini-MACS分选系统可自CBMC中提取0.78±0.31%的CD34〓细胞；2、体外培养14天后可获得原始CD34〓细胞量40.24±9.86倍的细胞；3、不论在CD1a、CD80、CD86及HLA-DR的表达上，或是刺激异体淋巴细胞增生的功能上，脐带血CD34〓细胞与单核细胞来源的DC都没有差别；4、CIK细胞中CD3〓CD56〓双阳性的表达率在与RNA转染DC共培养的CIK细胞组、与DC共培养的CIK细胞组及单纯CIK细胞组3组间比较无差异；5、脐带血CIK细胞增殖显著，培养14天时可扩增18.18±5.59倍，培养21天时可扩增35.02±6.30倍；5、与未转染或转染DC共培养的CIK细胞在培养第14天后增殖速率大于单纯CIK细胞。

The adult stem cells in intestinal crypts, i.e., intestinal stem cells, may relate with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer closely. This paper reviews the recent advances about intestinal stem cells and cancer stem cells of colorectal cancer.

近年较多的文献报道结直肠癌组织中存在肿瘤干细胞，而这些具有干细胞特性的瘤细胞可能来自突变的肠干细胞，本文就肠干细胞和结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞的研究进展作一综述。

Ito,et al reported that many surviving transplanted-NSCs migrate to reach cochlear hair cell on 28th day after transplanted into the cochlea of newborn rat,some of them took on the identical morphology of inner or outer hair cells and expressed Phalloidin.

Ito等实验表明大鼠海马来源的神经干细胞(neural stem cells，NSCs)移植入新生(P0，P2)大鼠内耳后4周，部分存活的NSCs迁移至耳蜗毛细胞表面，形态上与内、外毛细胞相似，并表达毛细胞标志物Phalloidin。

Neural stem cells have a strong self-renew mechanism and it can transform after a little break. Neural stem cells have a long term survival, which mean that it has more probability of wrong copy than mature cells. These cells are formed glioma stem cells in the end. The genes who adjust neural stem cells can express in glioma stem cells, which hold out glioma stem cells from neural stem cells. There is another presume that glioma stem cells come from differentiated cells. Through the gene break of these cells, they can obtain characteristics of stem cells, then form glioma stem cells.

神经干细胞具有很强的自我更新机制，获得较少突变即有可能恶性转化，而且干细胞存活时间较长，这意味着干细胞比成熟细胞发生细胞复制的错误几率更大，因外界环境的刺激而发生突变的机会更多，最终形成脑胶质瘤干细胞，同时调节神经干细胞增殖和自我更新的基因在脑胶质瘤的脑胶质瘤干细胞中也表达，这也是支持神经干细胞是脑胶质瘤干细胞来源的；也有推测认为它可能起源于已分化的细胞，由这些细胞突变发生去分化得来，并通过基因突变而获得了干细胞自我更新的特性，从而形成脑胶质瘤干细胞。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失