查询词典 stem

The patients achieved complete remission after induction course would enter the next grouping:the patients,aged 15-45 years, who had suitable donors and transplantation will were assigned to allogeneic stem-cell transplantation,and for the rest,they would be assigned to accept chemotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation randomly.CT and ASCT group both received early intensification and consolidation therapy orderly,which contained high-dose methotrexate,intermediate/high-dose cytarabine and high-dose or high-fraction cyclophosphamide,followed by ASCT or re-induction,later consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy for CT group.

符合入组条件的成人非Ph+ALL患者纳入研究，患者接受标准VDCP±L诱导治疗达到完全缓解(complete remission，CR)后进入下一阶段分组研究：年龄≤45岁，有合适供者及移植意愿者接受异基因造血干细胞移植allogeneic stem cell transplantation，Allo-SCT其余患者根据意愿分别接受自体造血干细胞移植(autologous stem cell transplantation，ASCT和化疗Chemotherapy。

At least two types of stem cells, germline stem cells and follicle stem cells are located at the anterior region of the ovariole and contribute to the continuous production of eggs in Drosophila ovary.

这些卵来自两种不同的干细胞：germline stem cells 与 follicle stem cells；这两种干细胞都会持续地进行细胞分裂，产生新的细胞，并且进行分化。

Bone marrow containing hematopoietic stem cells has already been known , theses another group stem cells exists in bone marrow named mesenchymal stem cells. MSCs retain the potentiality of differentiating into osteoblast, chondroblast, adipoblast, tendonblast, myoblast, cardiomyoblast, neuron, etc , which displays a bright prosperity of its use in tissue enigeering, wound healing , cell transplatation and gene therapy. MSCs can be obtained and expanded easily compared to ESC without any problems of morality , law and ethic , immunology.

最早在130年前，德国病理学家Cohnheim在研究创口愈合时就推测在创口愈合过程中出现的部分细胞可能来自骨髓。20世纪70年代，Friendenstein发现一小部分骨髓中贴壁最牢固的细胞经数此传代后形成独特的纺锤形外观，具有形成成骨细胞或软骨细胞的能力。80年代以来，许多研究小组进一步证实了Friendenstein分离到的这些细胞是多能的，在体外特定诱导条件下，可以分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、成肌细胞、神经元等，被称为骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone MarrowMesenchymal Stem Cells，MSCs)。

Background:Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into tissues of mesodermal origin and can be isolated from various tissues.

背景：间充质干细胞(multipotent mesenchymal stem cells，MSC)是能分化为中胚层组织的多能干细胞，它可以从机体的各种组织中分离得到。

Over the past 28 months, the induced pluripotent stem cells iPS cells, with characteristics identical to those of embryonic stem cells (ES cells directly in vitro reprogrammed from nonembryonic cells and tissues have captured great attentions in both scientific community and general public.

日本和美国研究小组先后用4种基因将小鼠(2006年8月)和人(2007年11～12月)的体细胞在体外重编程为诱导性多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells，iPS cells)，此后在短短两年多时间内，iPS 细胞的研究和关注度呈爆炸式增长。

The research on Spermatogonial Stem Cells is evoking more and more interests of people because of the development of other stem cells and the appearance of many new research tools and experimental techniques in recent years.

近年来随着干细胞研究的不断发展，新的研究工具和实验技术不断涌现，对精原干细胞(Spermatogonial stem cell，SSC )的研究亦激起人们的浓厚兴趣。

Background and purpose: The research on Spermatogonial Stem Cells is evoking more and more interests of people because of the development of other stem cells and the appearance of many new research tools and experimental techniques in recent years.

背景与目的：随着近年来对于干细胞研究的不断深入发展和新的研究工具、实验技术的涌现，对于精原干细胞（Spermatogonial stem cell，SSC）的研究亦激起人们的浓厚兴趣。

In vitro culture of spermatogonial stem cells is a basic technology of biology ,which can promote the biology investigation of spermatogonial stem cells . So spermatogonial stem cells in vitro culture has become one of the hot fields in the Biology of the Stem Cell in recent years .

精原干细胞（Spermatogonial Stem Cells ， SSCs）的体外培养是开展研究精原干细胞生物学的一项最基本的生物技术，近年来成为干细胞生物学研究的热点领域之一。

To compare the growth characteristics of non-hematopoietic adult stem cells derived from rat fetal blood and rat bone marrow in vitro, and to study the differentiation of these stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro,the fetal blood of pregnant rats and bone marrow of adult rats were sterilely collected; mononuclear cells were isolated by using standard Ficoll-hypague techniques and then cultured in DMEM/LG containing 10% fetal bovine serum.

为了比较大鼠胎血和骨髓中非造血成体干细胞（non-hematopoietic adult stem cells，NASC）体外培养过程中的生长特性及体外诱导两者向神经元样细胞分化的异同，在无菌条件下采集孕大鼠的胎血和成年大鼠的骨髓，用Ficoll-hypague分离液分离出单个核细胞后，种植于含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/LG培养液内。收获的NASC传代培养，用流式细胞仪检测细胞的免疫表型。

These were raised underinducing condition to test if any morphology and structure changes. Twenty two Arabidopsismutants had various changes in morphology and anatomical structures. Twenty mutants hadlow germination rate from 10% to 60%, of which 2 had survival rates at 0% and 50%. Fivemutants occurred structure changes in the hypocotyls or stem. One of these lines, namedarris-stem, showed some unique changes: slower growth rate in comparison with the wildtype from germination to florescence; serrated margin of leaf blades, spiral rosette; morebranch in the bottom part of the stem, shorter nodes, twisted stem and branch. There were oneor several arrises along the stem. Across sections of the arrises showed one or several compactcells lumps which were round, made up of several layers of cells, looked like vascular-bundle.

在诱导条件下，这些突变体表现出不同的形态和结构的变化，共有22个表型和结构发生变化。20个突变系发芽率或存活率较低，发芽率由10％—60％，其中2个突变系存活率分别为0％和50％。5个突变系在茎或下胚轴的结构上发生变化，其中一个突变系arris-stem发生如下表型变化：从真叶出现至开花结实的整个生长期，生长速度要明显比野生型拟南芥缓慢；叶缘有明显锯齿，莲座叶呈螺旋状排列；茎的基部有较多侧枝，侧枝间距明显缩短，茎有明显扭曲；突变体茎侧面有1至数条棱形突起，内部存在一至数个排列紧密的细胞团，由多层细胞呈环形排列，细胞壁明显加厚，内部存在管状分子，推测为维管组织。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！