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A reversible Markov process as a chemical polymerization model where a gelation transition exists is presented. The stationary distribution, partition function and expression of covariance of this model are obtained.

以存在凝胶化现象的高分子反应模型为背景，定义了高分子反应所对应的可逆Markov过程，给出了过程的稳定分布及配分函数，推导出了分子间协方差的表达式。

The stationary control system which core function is interlock logic control is a significant part of the train operation control system. The switch, route and train control are disposed and the train operating safe are protected by the interlocking system.

地面运行控制系统是中低速磁浮列车运行控制系统的重要组成部分，联锁是地面控制运行系统的核心功能，实现对管辖区域内进路、道岔、列车的逻辑控制，保障列车的安全运行。

Desknote The name comes from combining desktop with notebook, also referred to as a desknote computer, a computer that physically is the size of a notebook computer but is designed to function as a stationary unit, like a desktop computer.

此名称是 Desktop和Notebook两字合并而成，有时也叫台式笔记本计算机，它是一种物理上具有笔记本计算机的尺寸，但设计为像台式计算机那样固定使用。

As the main part of this thesis, based on RSJ model, a symmetric DC SQUID is theoretically studied through two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equations, by using the "potential condition" in the case of steady state, the stationary probability distribution function of this system is obtained firstly in the accurate theory, meanwhile, the expressions of all the SQUID characteristics functions are obtained, for example, the circulating current, total normalized voltage and transfer function.

作为本论文的主体工作，我们以RSJ模型为基础，利用二维Fokker—Planck方程从理论上研究了对称型双结超导量子干涉器件，利用定态条件下的"势条件"得到了系统定态概率分布的精确解析表达式，进而得到了该系统所有特性函数如环路电流、总电压、调制函数的统计表达式，利用数值计算讨论了各种参数对DC SoL71D系统特性的影响。

As an application, we develop the real-valued implicit Lagrangian and the corresponding smooth merit function for SCCP, and give a necessary and sufficient condition for the stationary point of the merit function to be a solution of SCCP.

在一致Ca(来源：ABC5fe9论文网www.abclunwen.com)rtesian-P性质下，证明此价值函数可为SCCP提供一个全局误差界。最后，给出了求解SCCP的一个混合牛顿算法。

The local superlinear or quadratic convergence rate is also obtained under the condition that the solution is R-regular. 4. For NCPs and MCPs, by eliminating the multiplier parameters from above merit functions, some new simple smooth merit functions without any parameters are obtained respectively. For the P〓-function any stationary points of the merit functions are the solution of the problems.

对于互补和混合互补问题，通过消去乘子的技巧性工作，分别构造了新的不含任何参数的一类光滑价值函数，它们结构简单，在P〓-函数情形便可保证其稳定点是互补问题之解，不仅具备类似著名Fischer-Burmeister函数的良好微分性质，且强制性方面更优，同时对线性问题也保持了其线性性质。

With the idea of smoothing Newton method, we propose a new class of smoothing Newton methods for the nonlinear complementarity problem based on a class of special functions. In this paper, complementarity problem is converted into a series of smoothing nonlinear equations and a modified smoothing Newton algorithm is used to solve the equations. We use Newton direction and Gradient direction together in the algorithm which guarantees that our method is globally convergent. Also using another smoothing function, we reformulate the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems defined on a polyhedral cone as a system of smoothing equations and a smooth unconstrained optimization problem. Theoretical results that relate the stationary points of the merit function to the solution of the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems are presented, we use the modified smoothing Newton algorithm in generalized nonlinear complementarity problems, under mild hypothesis, a global convergence is proved.

本文一方面基于现有的各种光滑Newton法的思想和半光滑理论，利用著名的F-B互补函数的光滑形式，首先将互补问题的求解转化为求解一系列光滑的非线性方程组，然后给出了一种修正的光滑Newton法，该方法不仅放宽对函数F的要求，在Newton方程不可解时引入初始效益函数的最速下降方向，而且光滑因子的选择也比较简单可行，同时在适当的条件下，证明了其算法具有全局收敛性；另一方面，借助另一种F-B光滑函数，将多面体锥上的广义互补问题转化为一种光滑形式，讨论了优化问题的稳定点与广义非线性互补问题的解之间的理论关系，并将这种修正的光滑Newton法用于求解广义非线性互补问题中，在适当的条件下，该算法同样具有全局收敛性。

The modified particle swarm optimization is utilized to solve the proposed reactive power optimization model; and combining with non–stationary multi-stage assignment penalty function, the reactive power optimization problem is transferred into a problem to solve extreme-value without constraints, thus the calculation accuracy and global convergence ability of MPSO are effectively improved, and power grid company can achieve maximal economic benefit by means of the proposed algorithm.

应用改进粒子群优化算法求解该无功优化模型，并结合动态调整罚函数法将无功优化问题转化成无约束求极值问题，从而有效地提高了改进粒子群优化算法的全局收敛能力和计算精度，使电网公司取得了最大经济效益。

The approximate stationary probability density function for the response of multi-degree-of-freedom dissipated Hamiltonian systems to Poisson white noises are obtained by solving the four-order generalized Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation using perturbation approach.

通过用摄动法求解四阶广义福克－普朗克方程，得到泊松白噪声激励的多自由度耗散的哈密顿系统的近似平稳响应概率密度函数。

I present cluster schema for combinatorial problem with clustering, design a new crossover operator cluster crossover, study the survival probability of c-schema under c-crossover, apply it successfully to graph coloring, load balancing and maximum spanning tree problems: give measurements of diversity in GA, set up varying crossover probability algorithms to maintain diversity, obtain good results when apply it in avoiding premature convergence and multi-modal functions optimization; establish GAC to be suitable for non stationary function, it can explore the change of environment and find the best solution even for some"anomalous"function.

针对聚类组合优化问题提出了聚类模式，设计了一种新的交换操作：聚类交换并研究了聚类模式在聚类交换操作下的生存可能性，成功的将聚类交换思想和算子应用于图着色、负载平衡和最大生成树问题，佐证了类理论，表明类理论可以指导新的应用算法设计；给出了GA中多样性的度量标准和维护多样性的动态交换概率算法，用于避免过早收敛和多峰函数优化，取得了较好的结果；构造了维持种群多样性以适应动态环境的方法GAC，在某些现有方法无能为力的问题上，GAC能够探测到环境变化，找到当前最优解。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。