查询词典 sputum

Objective To contrast the effectiveness with sputum aspirator being used carbasus or common practice of sputum aspirator in pedo-hypospadia operation,we can search a safe,simple and practical procedure to the respiratory passage of the pedo-operations in anaesthesia.

目的 比较纱布吸痰法和常规吸痰管吸痰法在小儿尿道下裂手术的应用效果，寻找一种小儿手术麻醉术中简单、实用、安全的呼吸道管理方法。

Defense function in children with respiratory unsound, cough reflex is not sensitive, children often do not take the initiative to cough, sputum, and in particular, will not cough strength is relatively weak, unable to expectorate sputum.

较小婴儿有咳嗽症状时，在喝水、吃奶时容易发呛，可能因为奶水呛入气管堵塞呼吸道而发生窒息危及生命。( 1 )小儿咳嗽用药原则：消炎、祛痰、止咳、平喘。

Children will not have the awareness to expectorate sputum, sputum to the pharynx when入胃with automatic pharynx. Also, because children often accompanied by vomiting, coughing, vomiting from the stomach is often out of mucinous things, pharynx入胃of sputum with food through the entire digestive tract, and finally eliminated from the body with the stool. Therefore, many infants and young children cough have diarrhea.

小儿咳嗽用药应注意：1）疾病的初期，特别是痰不易咳出时，勿滥用止咳药，否则痰液会阻塞于呼吸道，痰内的细菌得到繁殖机会，反而会使病情加重；2）不适当的使用止咳药也会掩盖病情；3）在医生的指导下服用，如当过频的咳嗽影响到小儿的睡眠，甚至引起支气管毛细血管破裂出血时，可以适当使用止咳药，若痰量多不易咳出时，要同时使用抗菌和化痰药

Clinical manifestations included cough (100%), purulent sputum (86.9%), bubble (100%), hyperpyrexia (43.5%) and conscious disturbance (43.5%). There were 54 strains bacteria of 50 cases through sputum culture, and 17cases were complicated with fungus.

1.2 诊断标准：全部患者均符合1999年中华医学会呼吸病学分会关于《社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南》中重症社区获得性肺炎的诊断标准［1］。

The prevalence of extended-spectrum betalactamase of Escherichia coli and Klebsilla spp. was 59.50% and 55.98%, respectively. 63.97% of Pseudo monas aeruginosa were isolated from sputum, drug-resistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum from pa tients in ICU, neurosurgical department, respiratory and emergency pediatric department, respiratory department was 21.05%, 15.99%, 7.09% and 6.07% respectively.

大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属超广谱β-内酰胺酶产生率分别为59.50%和55.98%。63.97%的铜绿假单胞菌来源于痰标本，不同科室痰标本中分离的铜绿假单胞菌耐药率从高到低依次为重症监护室(21.05%)、神经外科(15.99%)、呼吸急救儿科(7.09%)、呼吸内科(6.07%)。

Objective To investigate bacterial infection of outpatients in acute exacerbation of chronic obstrucrive pulmonary disease in Shanghai , and to compare the counts of inflammatory cells and bacterial positivity in groups with purulent sputum and mucoid sputum in order to contribute the diagnosis and treatment.

目的 了解上海地区门、急诊慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者气道的细菌感染情况，比较脓痰组、白粘痰组的痰中炎性细胞数与细菌阳性率，为临床诊治提供一定帮助。

It usually occurs during an acute exacerbation, when there is a lot of coughing with purulent sputum.

它通常发生在深刻恶化其间，当有许多咳嗽与化脓sputum (sputum 包含pus)。

Result］ The syndrome of phlegm heat blocking lung is featured with fever,heavy cough,much sputum,red tongue,yellow greasy moss,slippery and quick pulse/purple and stagnant finger mark;the syndrome of wind heat with fever,heavy cough,snuffle and runny nose,red tongue,thin and yellow moss,shallow and quick pulse/ purple and shallow finger mark;qi deficiency of lung and spleen with impotent cough,much sputum,pale face,light tongue,white and greasy moss,thin pulse/light red or stagnant finger mark.

结果］痰热闭肺证以发热，咳声重浊，痰多，舌红，苔黄腻、厚，脉滑数、指纹紫滞为特点；风热证以发热，咳声重浊，鼻塞流涕，舌红，苔薄黄，脉浮数/指纹浮紫为特点；肺脾气虚证以咳声无力，痰多，面白无华，舌淡，苔白腻，脉细、指纹淡红或淡滞为特点。

After antituberculotic treatment for 6 months.The rates of sputum coversion of group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 76.92%,94.79% and 100% respectively.The mean sputum coversion time of group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 12.46 weeks 5.0 weeks and 3.0 weeks respectively and the rates of focus absorption of group 1 ,group 2 and group 3 were 61.54%. 86.46% and 100% respectively.

经过6个月抗痨治疗后，Ⅰ组痰菌转阴率为76.92%，平均转阴时间为12.46周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶X线吸收占61.54%；Ⅱ组痰菌转阴率为94.79%，平均转阴时间为5.0周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶X线吸收占86.46%；Ⅲ组痰菌转阴率为100%，平均转阴时间为3.0周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶X线吸收占100%。

Results In 136 patients, a total of 72cases sputum culture positive, the positive rate of 52.9% sputum culture for three consecutive single bacteria were 16 cases, the positive rate of 11.8%.16 patients sputum results were:hemolytic streptococcus 6 cases, 4cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2 cases and gas production Bacillus 2 cases , Enterobacter Bacillus 2 cases, 136 patients with 386 cases sputum culture times , 106 times positive(27.5%), and consecutive three or more times a train 4 the same bacteria ,only 42 cases(10.8%); the same single-64 cases sputum culture , which amounts to 16.6%.

结果 在136例患者，共72例痰培养阳性，阳性率52.9%，痰培养连续3次为单一细菌者为16例，阳性率为11.8%。16例患者痰菌结果分别为：溶血性链球菌6例，绿脓杆菌4例，克雷伯氏杆菌2例，产气杆菌2例，阴沟杆菌2例，136例患者386例次痰菌培养，106例次阳性（27.5%），而连续3次以上培养为相同一细菌，仅为42例次（10.8%）；非相同单一痰菌培养64例次，占16.6%。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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